Cerous iodide is a salt of lanthanide metal cerium (III) and iodide ion. In 1920s solution of cerous iodide for intravenous injection (called "introcid") was used as an antimicrobial agent for treating puerperal fever. It has shown prophylactic activity against sepsis, and was explored for its antineoplastic properties in patients with lymphogranulomatosis or inoperable solid tumors. According to the clinical reports, it has been applied with remarkable benefit, as indicated by tumor shrinkage and improved quality of life in several cases of locally advanced or metastatic tumors of different origin.

Orotic acid is a minor dietary constituent. Historically it was believed to be part of the vitamin B complex and was called vitamin B13, but it is now known that it is not a vitamin and is synthesized in the body, where it arises as an intermediate in the pathway for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Orotic acid is converted to UMP by UMP synthase, a multifunctional protein with both orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidylate decarboxylase activity. The most frequently observed inborn error of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis is a mutation of the multifunctional protein UMP synthase. As a result, plasma orotic acid accumulates to high concentrations, and increased quantities appear in the urine. Orotic acid levels are elevated in the urea cycle defects ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, citrullinemia and argininosuccinic acidemia, as well as the mitochondrial transport disorder hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome. Orotic acid is also elevated in hereditary orotic aciduria, or uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by megaloblastic anemia and crystalluria. In addition, orotic acid in combination with leflunomide is in the phase II of clinical trial to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a combination in kidney transplant patients with high levels of Polyoma BK viruria for the purpose of preventing polyoma BK viremia and nephropathy, that could lead to kidney transplant loss from viral damage, acute rejection or both.

SELENATE ION is a compound containing an oxoanion with selenium in its highest oxidation state of VI. Selenates are analogous to sulfates and have similar chemistry, but unlike sulfate, selenate is a good oxidizer. Selenate is the form required by organisms that need selenium as a micronutrient. These organisms have the ability to acquire, metabolize and excrete selenium. The level at which selenium becomes toxic varies from species to species and is related to other environmental factors like pH and alkalinity that influence the concentration of selenite over selenate. Selenate and other forms of selenium are highest in areas where ancient seas have evaporated. These areas are enriched in selenium and over millennia, biologic adaptation has occurred.

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P) is a coenzyme, the active form of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) is used as a cofactor for a wide range of enzymes including mitochondrial cysteine desulfurase, cystathionine γ-synthase (CGS), ornithine 4,5-aminomutase (OAM), and d-serine dehydratase. The versatility of PLP arises from its ability to covalently bind the substrate, and then to act as an electrophilic catalyst, thereby stabilizing different types of carbanionic reaction intermediates. PLP acts as a coenzyme in all transamination reactions, in various beta-elimination reactions, in the condensation reaction in heme synthesis.

Ornithine is an amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine. It is a central part of the urea cycle, which allows for the disposal of excess nitrogen. Ornithine is also a precursor of citrulline and arginine. Arginine stimulates the pituitary release of growth hormone. Burns or other injuries affect the state of arginine in tissues throughout the body. As de novo synthesis of arginine during these conditions is usually not sufficient for normal immune function, nor for normal protein synthesis, ornithine may have immunomodulatory and wound-healing activities under these conditions (by virtue of its metabolism to arginine).

Ornithine is an amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine. It is a central part of the urea cycle, which allows for the disposal of excess nitrogen. Ornithine is also a precursor of citrulline and arginine. Arginine stimulates the pituitary release of growth hormone. Burns or other injuries affect the state of arginine in tissues throughout the body. As de novo synthesis of arginine during these conditions is usually not sufficient for normal immune function, nor for normal protein synthesis, ornithine may have immunomodulatory and wound-healing activities under these conditions (by virtue of its metabolism to arginine).

Zinc Pidolate (Zinc PCA) is a topical skin product with purifying, astingent, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic activity. It has long been used as a cosmetic ingredient, because of its astringent and anti-microbial properties. Zinc Pidolate has also being shown to be effective against halitosis. Zinc PCA prevents the UV-induced MMP-1 production in vitro by suppressing the activation of AP-1. Zinc PCA was also able to enhance type I collagen synthesis in NHDFs, by increasing the expression of the mRNA encoding the ascorbic acid transporter SVCT2 in non-UV irradiated NHDFs, which suggests its promising effect against not only photoaged skin but also for the simple atrophic change of intrinsic skin ageing. Zinc PCA is able to suppress sebum secretion by inhibiting 5-α reductase in hyperseborrhea, to suppress body odor by forming zinc salts with short-chain fatty acids, to suppress wrinkles by inhibiting AP-1 to and inhibit bacterial growth including acne related Propionibacterium acnes.

Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate is a safe skin friendly surfactant (foaming agent) for both skin and hair. Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate was used in 93 products in 1981, based on voluntary reports provided to FDA by industry; use concentrations ranged from >0.1% to >50%. In 2002 there were 68 uses (FDA 2002) and according to an industry survey in 2004 the current range of use concentrations is 0.6% to 21% (CTFA 2004). Asafety assessment on Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetatewas published in 1987 with the conclusion “On the basis of the available data presented in this report, the Expert Panel concludes that Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the present practices of use and concentration” (Elder 1987). Studies available since that safety assessment was completed, along with updated information regarding uses and use concentrations, were considered by the CIR Expert Panel. After reviewing the available data, the Panel determined to not reopen this safety assessment.

Almasilate is an antacid compound, consisting of a crystalline aluminum/magnesium silicate polymer. It guffers gastric acid by binding hydrogen ions within the polymer. It has been used in peptic ulcers and dyspepsia and marketed under the tradename Malinal, however, its therapeutic efficacy was lower than that of other approved antacids.

Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate group of minerals that form when they precipitate from water solution as microscopic crystals, known as clay. Montmorillonite is a typical weathering of aluminosilicates and one of the main minerals in many soils. Montmorillonite is the main component of bentonite that found in many sedimentary rocks. Due to its high adsorption properties, montmorillonite is used in the oil, textile, paper, and soap industries as an active component of bleaching and cloth clay. Montmorillonite is used in the oil drilling industry as a component of drilling mud, making the mud slurry viscous, which helps in keeping the drill bit cool and removing drilled solids. It is also used as a soil additive to hold soil water in drought-prone soils, used in the construction of earthen dams and levees, and to prevent the leakage of fluids. It is also used as a component of foundry sand and as a desiccant to remove moisture from air and gases. Montmorillonite is effective as an adsorptive of heavy metals and has been used and eaten from ancient time till now. For external use, montmorillonite has been used to treat contact dermatitis and in the materials produced for orthopedics, traumatology, dentistry.