LACTALFATE is an antiulcer agent.

Spiroxasone is a synthetic, steroidal antimineralocorticoid of the spirolactone group patented by Merck & Co., Inc. as a diuretic and antihypertensive agent. Spiroxasone acts as potent aldosterone antagonists in animals and humans.

β-N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) is an amino sugar derived from galactose found in O-linked and N-linked glycans. As an essential sugar, the role is basically the same for N-acetylgalactosamine as it is for the others, which is to enhance cellular communication. Although there has not been much research to date, what has been done reveals that this saccharide may inhibit the growth of some tumors. For example, colon cancer patients have only half the normal amounts of N-acetylgalactosamine. Studies have shown that colon cancer cells that metastasize make more mucin, making them more likely to form metastases. Therefore, it appears that N-acetylgalactosamine plays an important role in preventing this formation from occurring. N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine glycans is a predictor of metastasis and poor prognosis in a number of human adenocarcinomas, including breast cancer. Lower than normal levels of this sugar has been found in patients with heart disease implying that these conditions may be reversed if a supplementation of N-acetylgalactosamine were to be added to the diet. It appears that β-N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine plays a role in joint function, sweeping away destructive free radicals that can cause inflammation. N-acetylgalactosamine also seems to play an important role in the immune system. Contained in macrophages and neutrophils, it may play a significant role in the etiology of joint inflammation and could be important in such conditions as rheumatoid arthritis. In humans, it is the terminal carbohydrate forming the antigen of blood group A. N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is a well-defined liver-targeted moiety benefiting from its high affinity with asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). By conjugating it directly to the oligonucleotides or decorating it to a certain delivery system as a targeting moiety, GalNAc has achieved compelling successes in the development of nucleic acid therapeutics in recent years. Several oligonucleotide modalities are undergoing pivotal clinical studies, followed by a blooming pipeline in the preclinical stage. N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine is used in affinity chromatography, protein chromatography and in carbohydrate matrices. N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine has been used to study periodontal disease and to facilitate the design of potent small-molecule ice recrystallization inhibitors. N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine has also been used to demonstrate a molecular shuttle between extracellular and cytoplasmic space allows for monitoring of GAG biosynthesis.

CF102 known as Cl-IB-MECA (2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5’- N-methyl-uronamide), is a highly specific and selective agonist at the A3 adenosine receptor. Phase I/II study in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) successfully met its primary and secondary endpoints demonstrating initial indications for efficacy of CF102. A global Phase II study treating patients with CF102 as a second line therapy will start enroling patients shortly.

Alethine (Beta alethine) is an immunostimulant agent. It was undergoing clinical development with LifeTime Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of haematological malignancies. It is a low molecular weight disulfide that has been shown to exhibit in vivo antitumor activity in murine myeloma and melanoma models.

Maridomycin is a macrolide antibiotic. Sreptomyces sp. No. B-5050 was found to produce maridomycin. Maridomycin was found to be composed of six components, maridomycins I, II, III, IV, V and VI. Their structures are different from each other in acyl moieties at C3 and C4" positions. Maridomycins I, II, III, IV, V and VI showed similar antibacterial spectra against Gram-positive bacteria including acid-fast bacteria. Maridomycin has bacteriostatic activity rather than bactericidal activity. Prominent therapeutic effect was observed against certain Gram-positive bacterial infection in mice.

Ticabesone is a thioetianic acid derivative patented by Syntex, Inc. as anti-inflammatory agent. The topical antiinflammatory activity of Ticabesone was assessed in humans by vasoconstriction assay.

Ticabesone Propionate is Ticabesone ester patented by Syntex, Inc. as an anti-inflammatory agent. Ticabesone Propionate shows potent antiinflammatory activity silver nitrate-induced inflammation in the rat cornea.