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Restrict the search for
angiotensin ii
to a specific field?
Status:
First approved in 1942
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Benzethonium chloride, also known as hyamine, is a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt. It has surfactant, antiseptic, and anti-infective properties and it is used as a topical antimicrobial agent in first aid antiseptics. It is also found in cosmetics and toiletries such as mouthwashes, anti-itch ointments, and antibacterial moist towelettes. Benzethonium chloride exhibits a broad spectrum of microbiocidal activity against bacteria, fungi, mold and viruses. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifies that the safe and effective concentrations for benzethonium chloride are 0.1-0.2% in first aid products. Aqueous solutions of benzethonium chloride are not absorbed through the skin. It is not approved in the US or Europe for use as a food additive. Being a quaternary ammonium salt, it is more toxic than negatively charged surfactants. However, in a two-year study on rats, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity. Benzethonium chloride was characterized as a novel anticancer compound possessing both in vitro and in vivo efficacy justifying further investigation.
Status:
First approved in 1941
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Cetylpyridinium (used in a form of chloride salt) is a cationic surface-active agent and has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, with rapid killing of gram-positive pathogens and yeast in particular. It is suggested that interaction with bacteria occurs by the disruption of membrane function, leakage of cytoplasmic material, and ultimately the collapse of the intra-cellular equilibrium. The drug is used under various trade names as an oral OTC hygiene product (mouthwash, dental kits, etc.) to control the dental plaque and to prevent the subsequent gingivitis.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
COLD CAPSULE IV by GRAHAM DM
(1985)
Source URL:
First approved in 1941
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Phenylpropanolamine belongs to the sympathomimetic amine class of drugs and is structurally related to ephedrine. The effects of phenylpropanolamine are largely the result of alpha-adrenergic agonist activity resulting from both direct stimulation of adrenergic receptors and release of neuronal norepinephrine. Phenylpropanolamine is mainly used as a nasal decongestant. Phenylpropanolamine is also used as anorexiant in obesity and to treat urinary incontinence in veteranary. Phenylpropanolamine containing products has been withdrawn by FDA due to the association of phenylpropanolamine use with increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
GLUTAVENE by TILDEN YATES
(1961)
Source URL:
First approved in 1939
Source:
FLANITHIN 325MG by TABLE ROCK
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Glutamic acid is a non-essential aminoacid used in biosynthesis of proteins. Besides being a building block of proteins, glutamic acid plays a principal role in neural activation. Glutamate is also responsible for the umami (savory) flavor of certain foods. In medicine, glutamate is used as a metabolic supplemnet in patients undergoing coronary surgery.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
GUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE by MERCK SHARP DOHME
(1939)
Source URL:
First approved in 1939
Source:
GUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE by MERCK SHARP DOHME
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Guanidine is a small basic compound. Guanidine stimulates the neuromuscular junction presynaptically by inhibiting voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, leading to the enhanced release of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. This stimulatory effect of guanidine underlies its use in the therapy for the neuromuscular diseases. The hydrochloride salt of guanidine was approved by FDA for the reduction of the symptoms of muscle weakness and easy fatigability associated with the myasthenic syndrome of Eaton-Lambert.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
SECOBARBITAL SODIUM by WEST WARD
(1982)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1929
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Secobarbital sodium, a barbiturate, is FDA approved for the treatment of insomnia and for pre-anesthetic use. This drug binds at a distinct site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. Adverse reactions are drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, paradoxical excitement in elderly patients, somnolence. Rifampin may decrease secobarbital levels by increasing metabolism.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1923
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
AMOBARBITAL is a barbiturate derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. In an in vitro study in rat thalamic slices amobarbital worked by activating GABAA receptors, which decreased input resistance, depressed burst and tonic firing, especially in ventrobasal and intralaminar neurons, while at the same time increasing burst duration and mean conductance at individual chloride channels; this increased both the amplitude and decay time of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Aluminium silicate is a compound made from aluminum, oxygen and silicate that can take the form of a mineral as well as combine with water to make a clay. Aluminum silicate comes in three mineral forms: andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite, all of which have the chemical formula Al2SiO5 but have distinct crystal structures. When magnesium aluminum silicate is hydrated it becomes a clay known as kaolin, which is used for treating ailments such as diarrhea and to combat diaper rash as well as rashes from poison oak and poison ivy. When combined with magnesium and hydrated, the result is a clay mixture that sees common use in antacids as well as a thickener for cosmetics and other beauty products. It also appears as an inactive ingredient for deodorants. The kyanite form of aluminium silicate is used to create mullite for industrial use, and this compound is used by the ceramics industry as a refractory, as well as to manufacture electrical insulating materials and heating elements. Aluminium silicate (aluminum oxide silicate), under the brand name Adsorbin among others, is used as antidiarrheal agent and intestinal adsorbent. Kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate) has traditionally been used internally to control diarrhea. Kaolin has also been used topically as an emollient and drying agent. Specifically, it has been used to dry oozing and weeping poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac rashes. It has also been used as a protectant for the temporary relief of anorectal itching and diaper rash.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Oleic Acid U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Oleic acid occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is a component of the normal human diet as a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil. Oleic acid has being shown to have a potential anticancer activity.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Corrosive Mercuric Chloride U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Corrosive Mercuric Chloride U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Potassium Triiodomercurate(II) is a periodometallate salt. It contains a triiodomercurate(1-). It is an antiseptic (topical) and disinfectant. It is also an antiseborrheic agent.
