Gosogliptin (PF-734200) is a compound developed for treatment of type II diabetes and has been approved for use in Russia. It is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, with hypoglycemic activity. The drug is safe and well tolerated at all doses tested when added to metformin (a diabetes drug), and safely and effectively lowered HbA (1c) in subjects receiving metformin. A phase 3 study to study the safety and efficacy of gosogliptin has been completed. Gosogliptin has also been studied as potential drug for the treatment of renal insufficiency.

Cu-64 is a radioisotope of copper with T1/2 12.7 hours. It decays by emission of beta+ particles with energies 0.653 (17.8%) MeV, which makes it suitable for positron emission tomography. The most widely used Cu chelators are DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) and TETA (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid). Cu-64 acetate is used as a model compound to study metabolism and distribution of Cu-64.

Alisertib (MLN8237) is an orally available selective aurora A kinase inhibitor developed by Takeda. Alisertib inhibited AAK over ABK with a selectivity of more than 200-fold in cells and produced a dose-dependent decrease in bipolar and aligned chromosomes in the HCT-116 xenograft model, a phenotype consistent with AAK inhibition. Alisertib inhibited proliferation of human tumor cell lines in vitro and produced tumor growth inhibition in solid tumor xenograft models and regressions in in vivo lymphoma models. It is currently in phase II clinical trials for acute myeloid leukaemia; B cell lymphoma; brain cancer; mesothelioma; prostate cancer; small cell lung cancer.

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amine formed during ordinary cooking, and is subsequently metabolically activated by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). PhIP has been used in trials studying the basic science of Pancreas Cancer.

Hydrargaphen (also known as penotrane) was studied in trials for patients with herpes genitalia. In the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infections, penotrane was the suitable treatment for those patients who have not responded to other treatments. Information about the current use of this drug is not available.

Shogaol (6-Shogaol) is a bioactive ingredient of ginger root (Zingiber officinale), a medicinal plant having anti-nausea, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties and a carminative effect. 6-Shogaol inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by activating PPAR-γ. As one of the main bioactive compounds of dried ginger, 6-shogaol has been widely used to alleviate many ailments. It is also a major pungent flavor component, and its precursor prior to dehydration is 6-gingerol, which is reported to be responsible for the pungent flavor and biological activity of fresh ginger. The conjugation of the α,β-unsaturated ketone skeleton in the chemical structure of 6-shogaol explicates its higher potency and efficacy than 6-gingerol in terms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiemetic and other bioactivities. 6-Shogaol not only scavenges free radicals, such as superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals, but also effectively suppresses the activity of xanthine oxidase, which is an important generator of oxygen containing free radicals. 6-shogaol possesses strong metal-binding capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation and AAPH-induced DNA damage. 6-shogaol exhibits an excellent anti-inflammatory activity in downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevention of excessive oxidants in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, human kidney epithelial cell 293T, mouse microglia, rat astrocytes, human keratinocytes as well as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated mouse skin. 6-Shogaol also exerts a strong anti-inflammatory influence on acute gouty arthritis. The increased lipid peroxidation, lysosomal enzymes, inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as enlarged paw volume induced by monosodium urate crystals in mice can be reduced to nearly normal levels upon consuming 6-shogaol. Various molecular targets are involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of 6-shogoal. Some molecules such as TLR4 receptor and Keap1 are directly targeted by 6-shogaol, while others are indirectly mediated by various pathways. 6-shogaol also exhibits neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons in both in vitro and in vivo Parkinson's disease (PD) models. In addition to anti-oxidative stress, anti-neuroinflammation and anti-Aβ toxicity activities, 6-shogaol also shows capacities to resist neuronal apoptosis and to modulate synaptic and cholinergic functions. 6-shogaol has been treated as a potent anticancer agent against multitudinous cancers including liver, colon, lung, breast, gastric, skin, kidney, ovarian, prostate, laryngeal and pancreatic cancers as well as leukemia. The anticancer activity of 6-shogaol is attributed to its ability to modulate a series of signaling molecules such as MAPK, PI3K, Akt, NF-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), TNF-ɑ, COX-2, cyclin D1, CDK, MMP-9, survivin, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP-1), X-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP), Bcl-2, and caspases. 6-Shogaol can trigger autophagy of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells by blocking the activation of Akt and its downstream targets, such as mTOR, forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (FKHR), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β).

Tideglusib (NP031112, NP-12, Nypta, Noscira SA, Madrid, Spain), a drug, which belongs to the thiadiazolidinone family, is a GSK-3β inhibitor. Tideglusib was in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy. Participants showed no benefit on either of the primary outcome measures or exploratory endpoints and further development in the drug was halted for these two disease. However, Tideglusib is on phase II clinical trial to determine whether drug is safe and efficacious in the treatment of adolescents and adults with congenital and juvenile-onset Myotonic Dystrophy.

Furosemide is a non-antibiotic bacterial urease inhibitor that can be used in the control of H. pylori-associated gastroduodenal disease.

Hydromorphinol, an opioid, and is a derivative of morphine and possesses similar properties: sedation, analgesia, and respiratory depression. Hydromorphinol is under the control according to US Single Convention 1961.

Proclonol is a cyclopropylmethanol derivative patented by Belgium pharmaceutical company Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V. as an arachnicide and fungicide. Tetranychus urticae in the adult stage on bean plants were killed within 3 days with a spray contg. 35 ppm. Proclonol, while all of the larval stage on strawberry leaves was killed by 62.5 ppm., and no eggs sprayed with 40 ppm. hatched. A suspension of 500 ppm. Proclonol used to dip strawberry leaves infested with Tarsonemus pallidus killed 96.2% of the mites.