Laninamivir (R-125489), a new neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, was discovered, and in this study, its NA inhibitory activities against various influenza viruses including oseltamivir-resistant viruses are reported. Laninamivir octanoate, has been approved for use in Japanese clinics for the treatment and prevention of influenza in both adults and children. The inhaled laninamivir octanoate is converted into its active form, laninamivir, in the lungs where a high concentration persists for a long period of time.

Calcium dobesilate (brand name Doxium) is a veno-tonic drug, which is widely prescribed in more than 60 countries from Europe, Latin America, Asia and the Middle East for three main indications: chronic venous disease, diabetic retinopathy and the symptoms of haemorrhoidal attack. This drugs also in the phase III of clinical trial is an effective adjuvant therapy, with an absence of significant side-effects, in patients with venous ulcers and stasis dermatitis. It was suggested, that the inhibitory effect of calcium dobesilate on platelet function is mediated through the cyclic AMP pathway, and probably through activation of adenyl cyclase.

Cefteram is a semisynthetic cephalosporin formulated for oral administration as the prodrug ester, cefteram pivoxil. The mechanism of action of cefteram is inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefteram exerts its bactericidal activity by strongly binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3, 1A, and 1Bs. The drug is available in Japan and is used for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Zabicipril is an ethyl ester prodrug that is converted in vivo to zabiciprilat. Zabicipril induced an early, potent, and long-lasting converting enzyme inhibition. Furthermore, zabicipril did not affect plasma catecholamines and atrial natriuretic factor. It is antihypertensive and peripheral vasodilator. In normal men, zabicipril increases the renal fraction of cardiac output in the absence of a concomitant change in systemic haemodynamics. This specific effect of zabicipril on the kidney may be less important with advancing age.

Efonidipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative for the treatment of hypertension and angina. Efonidipine exerts its antihypertensive and antianginal effects through blocking L- and T-type calcium channels.

Disodium iminodiacetate is a salt of iminodiacetic acid (IDA). The iminodiacetate anion can act as a tridentate ligand to form a metal complex with two, fused, five-membered chelate rings. Iminodiacetic acid is used to diagnose problems of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts in an imaging procedure, called as hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan. A nuclear medicine scanner tracks the flow of the tracer from the liver into the gallbladder and small intestine and creates computer images. In addition, iminodiacetate is a part of the iminodiacetate-modified poly-L-lysine dendrimer (IMPLD), a fluorescent bone-imaging agent. IMPLD is used in the diagnosis of bone tumors, or to be used for the delivery of chemotherapy drugs or therapeutic agents. Bones differ from other body tissues in their unique calcium mineral composition, which consists mainly of hydroxyapatite (HA). IDA functionalization could be used as a general approach to bone targeting by increasing affinity for HA, enabling the transport of other molecules or particles to bones.

Tavilermide (also known as MIM-D3) was developed as a tyrosine kinase TrkA receptor agonist for the treatment of patients with dry eye. The drug was studied in phase III clinical trial in treating the signs and symptoms of dry eye. In addition, was assumed that tavilermide could be studied for glaucoma.

Amantocillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid derivative, is an old highly active penicillinase-resistant broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Cefminox is a broad-spectrum, bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotic. It is especially effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. It is indicated in treatment of the following infections caused by sensitive bacteria: 1. Respiratory infections: Amygdalitis, circumtonsillar abscess, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis (in fection), secondary infections of chronic respiratory diseases, pneumonia, and pulmonary suppuration; 2. Infection in urinary system: Nephropyelitis, cystitis; 3. Infections in abdominal cavity: Cholecystitis' angiocholitis'peritonitis; 4. Infections in pelvic cavity: Pelvic peritonitis, adnexitis, intrauterine infection, inflammation in pelvic dead space, and parametritis; 5. Septicaemia.

The Rauwolfia alkaloid, raubasine (ajmalicine), has been found to have broad application in the treatment of circulatory diseases, especially in the relief of obstruction of normal cerebral blood flow. In combination with other Rauwolfia alkaloids it has been used to lower high blood pressure. Raubasine is an antihypertensive drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. It has been marketed under numerous brand names including Card-Lamuran, Circolene, Cristanyl, Duxil, Duxor, Hydroxysarpon, Iskedyl, Isosarpan, Isquebral, Lamuran, Melanex, Saltucin Co, Salvalion, and Sarpan. Raubasine acts as a α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.