Nesiritide is the recombinant form of the 32 amino acid human B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), which is normally produced by the ventricular myocardium. Human BNP binds to the particulate guanylate cyclase receptor of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, leading to increased intracellular concentrations of guanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and smooth muscle cell relaxation. Cyclic GMP serves as a second messenger to dilate veins and arteries. Nesiritid was sold under brand name Natrecor for the intravenous treatment of patients with acutely decompensated congestive heart failure who have dyspnea at rest or with minimal activity.

Angiotensinamide is octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction. Angiotensinamide is indicated for the treatment of severe hypotension unresponsive to traditional pressor agents. Angiotensinamide has a strong pressure effect, due to the increased peripheral resistance of blood vessels, especially small caliber arterioles. Under the influence of angiotensinamide, the vessels of the internal organs, skin, kidneys are particularly narrowed. Blood circulation in skeletal muscles and coronary vessels does not change significantly. The drug has no direct effect on the heart and does not cause arrhythmias in therapeutic doses. Angiotensinamide is rapidly inactivated by enzymes contained in the blood, and therefore, when administered once, it has a short-term (2–3 min) pressure effect. However, the duration of the effect can be relatively easily controlled by selecting the appropriate rate of administration of the drug solution.

Colesevelam (trade name Welchol) a non-absorbed, polymeric, lipid-lowering agent intended for oral administration. Colesevelam is poly(allylamine hydrochloride) cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and alkylated with 1-bromodecane and (6-bromohexyl)-trimethylammonium bromide. Colesevelam hydrochloride is a hydrophilic, water-insoluble polymer that is not hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes and is not absorbed. Colesevelam is part of a class of drugs known as bile acid sequestrants. Colesevelam hydrochloride, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Welchol, is a non-absorbed, lipid-lowering polymer that binds bile acids in the intestine, impeding their reabsorption. As the bile acid pool becomes depleted, the hepatic enzyme, cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase, is upregulated, which increases the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. This causes an increased demand for cholesterol in the liver cells, resulting in the dual effect of increasing transcription and activity of the cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme, HMG-CoA reductase, and increasing the number of hepatic LDL receptors. These compensatory effects result in increased clearance of LDL-C from the blood, resulting in decreased serum LDL-C levels. Colesevelam is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with primary hyperlipidemia as monotherapy and to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including in combination with a statin. The expanded use of colesevelam in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus is an example of drug repositioning.

Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) is a low-molecular-weight linear polyamine exerting metal-chelating properties. TEPA is widely used in industrial applications. The principal hazards that arise in working with TEPA are those associated with similar organic amines; namely, a corrosive action on skin and eyes. TEPA biological activity was attributed to its effect on cellular Cu levels as (a) treatment with TEPA resulted in reduction of cellular Cu, and (b) excess of Cu reversed TEPA's activity and accelerated differentiation. TEPA was shown to attenuate the differentiation of ex vivo cultured hematopoietic cells resulting in preferential expansion of early progenitors. A phase I/II trial was performed to test the feasibility and safety of transplantation of CD133+ cord blood (CB) hematopoietic progenitors cultured in media containing stem cell factor, FLT-3 ligand, interleukin-6, thrombopoietin and TEPA. Transplanting a population of CD133+ CB cells which were expanded ex vivo for 21 days using SCF, FLT3, IL-6, TPO and the copper chelator TEPA (StemEx) was feasible. The expanded cells were well tolerated, with no infusion-related adverse events observed.

Нeparin (or Unfractionated heparin ) is an anticoagulant indicated for both the prevention and treatment of thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) as well as atrial fibrillation (AF). Heparin can also be used to prevent excess coagulation during procedures such as cardiac surgery, extracorporeal circulation or dialysis, including continuous renal replacement therapy. Heparin administration can be by intravenous (or subcutaneous route. Intravenous heparin is continuously administered for therapeutic anticoagulation, while intermittent subcutaneous administration is used to prevent thromboembolism. Once administered, heparin binds reversibly to antithrombin III (ATIII) and greatly accelerates the rate at which ATIII inactivates coagulation enzymes thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa. The heparin-ATIII complex can also inactivate factors IX, XI, XII, and plasmin, but the antithrombotic effect of heparin is well correlated to the inhibition of factor Xa. Typical adverse effects from heparin use include bleeding, thrombocytopenia, injection site reactions, and other adverse effects only seen with chronic heparin administration. Bleeding is a major complication associated with heparin use. Patients should undergo monitoring for new bleeding that may present in the urine or stool. Bleeding may also present as bruising, petechial rash and nosebleeds.