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Restrict the search for
benzyl benzoate
to a specific field?
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Meprylcaine (also known as Epirocaine and Oracaine) is a local anesthetic with stimulant properties that is structurally related to dimethocaine. Meprylcaine has a relatively potent inhibitory action on the monoamine transporter and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Oracaine is commonly used as the hydrochloride salt and is compatible with the known vasoconstrictors. It has a slightly more rapid onset than procaine with a slight increase in potency. The earliest symptoms of a toxic overdose are stimulation to the central nervous system, thus following the same symptoms as procaine. Not more than 400 mg. (20 ml. of a 2 per cent solution) should be used at any one time for the ambulatory patient. Oracaine, like metycaine, may be used for patients sensitive to the para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives. Oracaine hydrochloride is used at present mainly by the dental profession and in dermatologic surgery.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Stigmonene bromide
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
BENZPYRINIUM is a cholinergic drug used for prevention of postoperative intestinal atony, postoperative abdominal distention and urinary retention, or for treatment of postoperative distention.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Ractopamine hydrochloride, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, is a phenethanolamine salt approved for use as a feed additive. Recently published studies indicate that the RR-isomer (butopamine) is the stereoisomer with the most activity at the beta-adrenoceptor. Butopamine was shown to be a non-selective ligand at the beta1 and beta2-adrenoceptors, but signal transduction is more efficiently coupled through the b2-adrenoceptor than the beta1 adrenoceptor. Therefore, the RR-isomer of ractopamine is considered to be a full agonist at the beta2-adrenoceptor and a partial agonist at the beta1¬adrenoceptor. These results are consistent with the pharmacological characterization of racemic ractopamine in isolated cardiac (atria) and smooth muscle (costo-uterine, vas deferens, trachea), which shows a maximal response at beta2- and a submaximal response at beta1¬adrenoceptors when compared with the full beta1 and beta2-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol. Butopamine is chemically similar to dobutamine but, unlike dobutamine, it is not a catecholamine. Butopamine induces a positive inotropic response in patients with congestive heart failure but for equal increments in cardiac output, butopamine increases heart rate more than dobutamine. Butopamine inproved cardiac performance in patients with ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure. Butopamine was prepared by Tuttle et al (unpublished data) and has a structure similar to dobutamine. This compound is refractory to the action of catechol-O-methyl transferase and thus it is orally active and has a longlasting action. Clinical findings in acute heart failure cases have been reported by Thompson et al. Intravenous administration produced an increase in the cardiac index and heart rate and shortening of systolic time intervals. A few patients experienced ventricular ectopy, especially with the higher doses used. No data pertaining to oral administration are available.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Clebopride is a dopamine antagonist drug. It is used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorder such as nausea or vomiting. Unchanged parent drug was the most abundant compound in human urine. Major metabolites included the hydroxylation at benzyl group to yield carbinolamine and its further N-dealkylation product, and the piperidine ring hydroxylation/oxidation metabolite (a lactam).
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Acedoben (4-acetamidobenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid derivative and a metabolite of benzocaine. It is a component of immunomodulatory drug inosine pranobex, which is used to treat mucocutaneous infections due to herpes simplex virus (type 1 and/or type II), genital warts as adjunctive therapy to podophyllin or carbon dioxide laser, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Bifemelane is a psychotropic drug, was found to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). It inhibited type A MAO (MAO-A) competitively and type B (MAO-B) noncompetitively and it was a more potent inhibitor of MAO-A than of MAO-B. Bifemelane is an antidepressant and cerebral activator that is used in Japan for the treatment of cerebral infarction patients with depressive symptoms, and in the treatment of senile dementia as well. It also appears to be useful in the treatment of glaucoma.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Unknown by Powell, C.E. et al.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Clorprenaline is a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist. As a bronchodilator it has been used for the treatment of bronchial asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. It is a potential new lean meat-boosting feed additive because it can promote animal muscular mass growth and decrease fat accumulation.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Clebopride is a dopamine antagonist drug. It is used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorder such as nausea or vomiting. Unchanged parent drug was the most abundant compound in human urine. Major metabolites included the hydroxylation at benzyl group to yield carbinolamine and its further N-dealkylation product, and the piperidine ring hydroxylation/oxidation metabolite (a lactam).
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Pitofenone is a spasmolytic agent. It exerts anticholinesterase and antimuscarinic activities. Pitofenone is used to relieve pain and spasms of smooth muscles. Pitofenone is also used for the treatment of back pain, sprains, and strains. Pitofenone is used in combination along with fenpiverinium bromide, and metamizole sodium. The drug is currently sold in Eastern Europe and India under various trade names. The combined preparation possesses strong analgesic, spasmolytic, cholinolytic and anti-inflammatory effects on the smooth muscles predominantly of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. Indications are strong pain in gastric or intestinal colic, kidney and gallstones, and for painful menstruation. Pitofenone hydrochloride present in the combination exerts papaverin-like spasmolytic effect on the vascular and extra-vascular smooth muscles of the stomach, intestines, urinary tract, biliary tract, and uterus.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Bamidipine is an antihypertensive drug belonging to the dihydropyridine (DHP) group of calcium antagonists. The product was originally developed by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan) and is currently marketed in Japan under the trade name of Hypoca (Astellas Pharma Inc, Tokyo, Japan). It is available in a modified-release formulation which has a gradual onset of action and is effective in a single daily oral dose of 10 to 20 mg. Bamidipine has selective action against cardiovascular calcium antagonist receptors and its antihypertensive action is related to the reduction of peripheral vascular resistance secondary to its vasodilatory action. The clinical antihypertensive efficacy of barnidipine is similar to that of other DHP calcium antagonists such as nitrendipine and amlodipine, and antihypertensives belonging to other drug classes such as atenolol and enalapril. Barnidipine has been found to be as efficacious and well tolerated as hydrochlorothiazide in the management of hypertension in elderly patients. Barnidipine is generally well tolerated. As with other DHP calcium antagonists, vasodilator adverse events such as headache, flushing and peripheral oedema account for most of the adverse events reported with its use and are usually transient. Oedema is less frequent than with amlodipine and nitrendipine. Its use is not associated with reflex tachycardia.
