4-Piperidinol, 1-phenethyl-4-phenyl acetate (PEPAP) is a synthetic opioid discovered by Janssen in 1960. PEPAP is an analog of meperidine, it is abused and illegally sold on streets as a "synthetic heroin".

Trimeprazine (also known as Alimemazine), a phenothiazine used as antipsychotic drug. This drug is used in Russia under brand name TERALIGEN and has anti-histamine, sedative, and anti-emetic (anti-nausea) effects. Teraligen is used to treat neurosis, depression and anxiety of different origins. It prevents and relieves allergic conditions, which cause pruritus and urticaria by blocking histamine produced by the body during an allergic reaction. Trimeprazine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding. Trimeprazine is not approved for use in humans in the United States. Nevertheless, combination of alimemazine and prednisolone (commonly sold under the brand name Temaril-P) is licensed as an antipruritic and antitussive in dogs.

Florfenicol (Nuflor) is a fluorinated synthetic analog of thiamphenicol. Florfenicol is indicated for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) associated with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Haemophilus somnus, for treatment of bovine interdigital phlegmon (foot rot, acute interdigital necrobacillosis, infectious pododermatitis) associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus. Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum, primarily bacteriostatic, antibiotic with a range of activity similar to that of chloramphenicol, including many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms; however, florfenicol does not carry the risk of inducing human aplastic anemia that is associated with chloramphenicol. It also has activity against some chloramphenicol resistant strains of bacteria, possibly because it is less affected by the major enzyme produced in plasmid-mediated bacterial resistance against chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. Although the activity of florfenicol against obligate anaerobes is not addressed in the literature, it is likely to be quite effective. Antibiotic principle of Florfenicol is similar to that of chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol. Florfenicol inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 70S ribosomal 50S subunits of susceptible bacteria, leading to the inhibition of peptidyl transferase and thereby preventing the transfer of amino acids to extending peptide chains and subsequent protein formation. The bacterial receptor that is the site of action for florfenicol is also considered to be the same as that for chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. Florfenicol has a fluorine atom instead of the hydroxyl group located at C-3 in the structure of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. This prevents the acetylation of bacterial acetyltransferase in this site as to allow florfenicol to be less susceptible to deactivation by bacteria with plasmid-transmissible resistance that involves acetylation of the C-3 hydroxyl group in chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol, and prevents their interaction with bacterial ribosomes.

Creatinine is a product of metabolism of creatine phosphate, a molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of a brain and skeletal muscle. Creatinine is excreted by kidneys with little or no reabsorption. Serum creatinine is the most commonly used indicator of renal function.

Ethyl acetate is a widely used synthetic solvent. It is used in cosmetics and considered to be safe. Ethyl acetate is cited as a direct and indirect food additive as detailed in the Code of Federal Regulations. Ethyl acetate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a synthetic flavor and/or adjuvant; limitations on concentrations of use were not specified. Ethyl acetate was tested for in vitro in human breast cancer cell line and demonstrated considerable cytotoxicity.

It is known that Vitamin E, traditionally known as α¬ tocopherol, is a mixture of eight different compounds, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, each one being designated as α, β, γ and δ forms. The two groups differ in the hydrophobic tridecyl side chain which is saturated (phytyl) in tocopherols and unsaturated having three double bonds (geranyl) in tocotrienols. During the last few years, it has been found that all the eight forms are biologically active and perform specific functions. Clinical research has shown that mixture of tocotrienols and tocopherols offer synergistic protective action against heart ailments and cancer that is not exclusively offered by α¬tocopherol. The other advantage of mixed tocopherols and tocotrienols is their role in slowing down aging. Diseases like diabetes 1 and 2, autoimmune diseases, bacterial and viral infections, Alzheimer disease, fungal (Candida) infections are prevented by these compounds. It helps in the maintenance of bones, muscles, eyes (vision), memory, sleep, lungs, infertility, skin and wrinkles. Although all forms of Vitamin E exhibit antioxidant activity, it is known that the antioxidant activity of vitamin E is not sufficient to explain the vitamin's biological activity. Vitamin E's anti-atherogenic activity involves the inhibition of the oxidation of LDL and the accumulation of oxLDL in the arterial wall. Vitamin E's antithrombotic and anticoagulant activities involves the downregulation of the expression of intracellular cell adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 that lowers the adhesion of blood components to the endothelium. Its antioxidant effects explain the neuroprotective effects of vitamin E. The immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin E have been demonstrated in vitro, where alpha-tocopherol increases mitogenic response of T lymphocytes from aged mice. The mechanism of this response by vitamin E is not well understood, however it has been suggested that vitamin E itself may have mitogenic activity independent of its antioxidant activity. The mechanism of action of vitamin E's antiviral effects (primarily against HIV-1) involves its antioxidant activity. Vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, which is thought to contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis, as well as to the pathogenesis of other viral infections. Vitamin E also affects membrane integrity and fluidity and, since HIV-1 is a membraned virus, altering membrane fluidity of HIV-1 may interfere with its ability to bind to cell-receptor sites, thus decreasing its infectivity.