U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS
It is known that Vitamin E, traditionally known as α¬ tocopherol, is a mixture of eight different compounds, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, each one being designated as α, β, γ and δ forms. The two groups differ in the hydrophobic tridecyl side chain which is saturated (phytyl) in tocopherols and unsaturated having three double bonds (geranyl) in tocotrienols. During the last few years, it has been found that all the eight forms are biologically active and perform specific functions. Clinical research has shown that mixture of tocotrienols and tocopherols offer synergistic protective action against heart ailments and cancer that is not exclusively offered by α¬tocopherol. The other advantage of mixed tocopherols and tocotrienols is their role in slowing down aging. Diseases like diabetes 1 and 2, autoimmune diseases, bacterial and viral infections, Alzheimer disease, fungal (Candida) infections are prevented by these compounds. It helps in the maintenance of bones, muscles, eyes (vision), memory, sleep, lungs, infertility, skin and wrinkles. Although all forms of Vitamin E exhibit antioxidant activity, it is known that the antioxidant activity of vitamin E is not sufficient to explain the vitamin's biological activity. Vitamin E's anti-atherogenic activity involves the inhibition of the oxidation of LDL and the accumulation of oxLDL in the arterial wall. Vitamin E's antithrombotic and anticoagulant activities involves the downregulation of the expression of intracellular cell adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 that lowers the adhesion of blood components to the endothelium. Its antioxidant effects explain the neuroprotective effects of vitamin E. The immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin E have been demonstrated in vitro, where alpha-tocopherol increases mitogenic response of T lymphocytes from aged mice. The mechanism of this response by vitamin E is not well understood, however it has been suggested that vitamin E itself may have mitogenic activity independent of its antioxidant activity. The mechanism of action of vitamin E's antiviral effects (primarily against HIV-1) involves its antioxidant activity. Vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, which is thought to contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis, as well as to the pathogenesis of other viral infections. Vitamin E also affects membrane integrity and fluidity and, since HIV-1 is a membraned virus, altering membrane fluidity of HIV-1 may interfere with its ability to bind to cell-receptor sites, thus decreasing its infectivity.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Target ID: O94759
Gene ID: 7226.0
Gene Symbol: TRPM2
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Target ID: P14174
Gene ID: 4282.0
Gene Symbol: MIF
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Inactive ingredient
REVERSE IT KIT

Approved Use

SUNSCREEN

Launch Date

2014
Palliative
M.V.I. PEDIATRIC

Approved Use

This formulation is indicated as daily multivitamin maintenance dosage for infants and children up to 11 years of age receiving parenteral nutrition. It is also indicated in other situations where administration by the intravenous route is required. Such situations include surgery, extensive burns, fractures and other trauma, severe infectious diseases, and comatose states, which may provoke a “stress” situation with profound alterations in the body’s metabolic demands and consequent tissue depletion of nutrients. The physician should not await the development of clinical signs of vitamin deficiency before initiating vitamin therapy. M.V.I. Pediatric (reconstituted and administered in intravenous fluids under proper dilution) contributes intake of these necessary vitamins toward maintaining the body’s normal resistance and repair processes. Patients with multiple vitamin deficiencies or with markedly increased requirements may be given multiples of the daily dosage for two or more days as indicated by the clinical status. Blood vitamin concentrations should be monitored to ensure maintenance of adequate levels, particularly in patients receiving parenteral multivitamins as their sole source of vitamins for long periods of time.

Launch Date

2000
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Electrophysiologic recovery after vitamin E-deficient neuropathy.
1999 Aug
Nitric oxide synthase expression in the course of lead-induced hypertension.
1999 Oct
Olanzapine-induced tardive dystonia.
1999 Oct
CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress induces collagen type I expression in rat hepatic stellate cells.
1999 Oct
Steroid hormone activity of flavonoids and related compounds.
2000 Jul
Regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in chronic experimental alcoholism: effects of vitamin E-supplemented and -deficient diets.
2000 Mar-Apr
Selective involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates in platelet-activating factor-mediated activation of NF-kappaB.
2000 Oct
Dietary patterns, nutrient intake and gastric cancer in a high-risk area of Italy.
2001 Feb
Vitamin E administration and reversal of neurological deficits in protein-energy malnutrition.
2001 Feb
Serum concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins A, E, and C in control subjects from five European countries.
2001 Feb
Normobaric hyperoxic stress in budgerigars: non-enzymic antioxidants.
2001 Feb
A comparison of the kinetics of low-density lipoprotein oxidation induced by copper or by gamma-rays: influence of radiation dose-rate and copper concentration.
2001 Feb
Protective effect of fluvastatin on degradation of apolipoprotein B by a radical reaction in human plasma.
2001 Feb
Soluble adhesion molecules, endothelial function and vitamin E in type 1 diabetes.
2001 Feb
Hyperlipidemia and reproductive failure in captive-reared alligators: vitamin E, vitamin A, plasma lipids, fatty acids, and steroid hormones.
2001 Feb
Suppression of lipid peroxidation in adrenal microsomes following ACTH administration to guinea pigs.
2001 Feb
Ex vivo low-density lipoprotein oxidizability and in vivo lipid peroxidation in patients on CAPD.
2001 Feb
Enhanced oxidative susceptibility and reduced antioxidant content of metabolic precursors of small, dense low-density lipoproteins.
2001 Feb 1
Quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of deuterium-labeled and unlabeled vitamin E in biological samples.
2001 Feb 1
Regulation of heme oxygenase activity in rat liver during oxidative stress induced by cobalt chloride and mercury chloride.
2001 Jan
Cacao liquor polyphenols reduce oxidative stress without maintaining alpha-tocopherol levels in rats fed a vitamin E-deficient diet.
2001 Jan
Scavenger receptor class B, type I is expressed in porcine brain capillary endothelial cells and contributes to selective uptake of HDL-associated vitamin E.
2001 Jan
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienols under different food status.
2001 Jan
Hypomethylation of p53 in peripheral blood DNA is associated with the development of lung cancer.
2001 Jan
Intravenous infusion of iron and tetrahydrofolate does not influence intrauterine uteroferrin and secreted folate-binding protein content in swine.
2001 Jan
Validation of an HPLC method for the determination of urinary and plasma levels of N1-methylnicotinamide, an endogenous marker of renal cationic transport and plasma flow.
2001 Jan
Effects of alpha-tocopherol on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs.
2001 Jan
Effects of long-term alpha-tocopherol supplementation on serum hormones in older men.
2001 Jan 1
Diazepam submicron emulsions containing soya-bean oil and intended for oral or rectal delivery.
2001 Mar
Impaired arachidonic (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acid synthesis by phenylalanine metabolites as etiological factors in the neuropathology of phenylketonuria.
2001 Mar
Fiberoptic and conventional phototherapy effects on the skin of premature infants.
2001 Mar
alpha-Tocopherol/lipid ratio in blood is decreased in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and asymptomatic carriers of the 11778 mtDNA mutation.
2001 Mar
Antioxidants enhance the susceptibility of colon carcinoma cells to 5-fluorouracil by augmenting the induction of the bax protein.
2001 Mar 10
No reduction of alpha-tocopherol quinone by glutathione in rat liver microsomes.
2001 Mar 15
Growth reduction in glioma cells after treatment with tetradecylthioacetic acid: changes in fatty acid metabolism and oxidative status.
2001 Mar 15
t-Butyl hydroperoxide and oxidized low density lipoprotein enhance phospholipid hydrolysis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated retinal pericytes.
2001 Mar 30
Effect of phytoestrogen and antioxidant supplementation on oxidative DNA damage assessed using the comet assay.
2001 Mar 7
Patents

Sample Use Guides

For vitamin E deficiency: a typical dose in adults is RRR-alpha tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 60-75 IU per day. For the movement disorder called tardive dyskinesia: RRR-alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 1600 IU daily. For improving male fertility: vitamin E 200-600 IU daily. For Alzheimer's disease: up to 2000 IU daily. Combination therapy of donepezil (Aricept) 5 mg and vitamin E 1000 IU per day has been used for slowing memory decline in people with Alzheimer's disease. For liver disease called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: 800 IU daily in adults has been used; 400-1200 IU daily has been used in children. For early Huntington's chorea: RRR-alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 3000 IU. For rheumatoid arthritis pain: vitamin E 600 IU twice daily. For preventing nerve damage caused by cisplatin: vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 300 mg daily with each chemotherapy treatment and for up to 3 months after stopping cisplatin therapy. For improving effectiveness of nitrates used for heart disease: vitamin E 200 mg three times daily.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Curator's Comment: In RAW264.7 cells, vitamin E-rich nanoemulsion significantly enhanced the secretion of Th1 cytokines and down-regulated the secretion of Th2 cytokine. In a co-culture system, vitamin E-rich nanoemulsion induced a high apoptosis rate in MDA-MB-231 cells as compared with vitamin E-low nanoemulsion.
Unknown
Substance Class Mixture
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
Record UNII
9E8X80D2L0
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Related Record Type
Name Type Language
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
Common Name English
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
ORANGE BOOK  
Preferred Name English
VITAMIN E (ALPHA TOCOPHEROL ACETATE)
Common Name English
VITAMIN E (ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE)
Common Name English
VITAMIN E (AS DL-ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE )
Common Name English
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE,ALPHA [VANDF]
Common Name English
ALPHA TOCOPHERYL ACETATE [USP-RS]
Common Name English
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM
Common Name English
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C2834
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1047
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB16136MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
4195
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
9E8X80D2L0
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
1046243
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
9E8X80D2L0
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
7695-91-2
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
NON-SPECIFIC STEREOCHEMISTRY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1667701
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C79582
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB14003
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:23:23 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
SUB_CONCEPT->SUBSTANCE
SUB_CONCEPT->SUBSTANCE
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY
Definition References