CAPOZIDE (captopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets, USP) for oral administration combines two antihypertensive agents: captopril and hydrochlorothiazide. The mechanism of action of captopril has not yet been fully elucidated. Captopril prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibition of ACE, a peptidyldipeptide carboxy hydrolase. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to thiazide class of diuretics. It reduces blood volume by acting on the kidneys to reduce sodium (Na+) reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. CAPOZIDE (captopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets, USP) is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. The blood pressure lowering effects of captopril and thiazides are approximately additive. Major side effects are: Black, tarry stools; chest pain; chills; cough; fever; painful or difficult urination; shortness of breath; sore throat; sores, ulcers, or white spots on lips or in mouth; swollen glands; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual tiredness or weakness. It has been reported that indomethacin may reduce the antihypertensive effect of captopril, especially in cases of low renin hypertension. Captopril’s effect will be augmented by antihypertensive agents that cause renin release. For example, diuretics (e.g., thiazides) may activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Pomisartan, also known as BIBR-363, is an angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist. It was investigated for the treatment of Congestive heart failure and hypertension. However, no development reports available at this moment.

Abitesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, antihypertensive (non-peptidic) agent.

Saprisartan (formerly known as GR 138950) was developed as a potent long-lasting angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonist with high oral bioavailability. The drug was used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. However, these studies were discontinued.

Milfasartan is an inhibitor of angiotensin II receptor type 1 was used in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of hypertension. However, these studies were discontinued.

Arfalasin or Hoe 409, an angiotensin II (AII) blocker, inhibits the renin release thus delay recovery of urinary osmolality.

Zolasartan (previously known as GR 117289) is an angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonist that was studied for the treatment of hypertension. It was undergoing phase II clinical trials with Glaxo Wellcome in the United Kingdom before the study was discontinued.

Forasartan (also known as SC-52458) was developed as an orally active, competitive angiotensin (Ang) II subtype 1 (AT1)-receptor antagonist for the treatment of hypertension. Forasartan competes with angiotensin II for binding at the AT1 receptor subtype. It is known that angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and stimulates the synthesis and release of aldosterone, and blockage of its effects results in a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Information about the further development of forasartan is not available.

Embusartan or BAY106734 (6-n-butyl-4-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxo-1[(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) -3-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl] 1,2-dihydropyridine) is an angiotensin II receptors antagonist. Embusartan has beneficial effects in different animal hypertension models. Embusartan appears as a potent and specific new inhibitor of angiotensin II-induced growth-related events in vascular smooth muscle cells. It was being developed for the treatment of hypertension.

Elisartan (HN 65021) is a selective, orally active, nonpeptide angiotensin II (AT1) antagonist. It antagonizes angiotensin receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Elisartan was being assessed for the treatment of hypertension.