Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Oleic acid occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is a component of the normal human diet as a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil. Oleic acid has being shown to have a potential anticancer activity.

Oxaloacetate (OAA), a salt of oxaloacetic acid, is a metabolic intermediate in many processes, e.g., urea cycle, gluconeogenesis, etc. that occur in animals. Experiments on animal have revealed that OAA was able to protect hepatocytes from hypoxia and liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. OAA also possesses a neuroprotective effect against ischemic injury, which strengthens the likelihood of its future applicability as a novel neuroprotective agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke patients. In addition, experiments on adipose stromal cells have shown that OAA directly protected cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis induced by serum and potassium deprivation.

Dimecrotic acid is a choleretic agent with spasmolytic properties. It is obtained by reaction of resorcinol with acetoacetate to give 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin. It is indicated for the treatment of hepato-digestive insufficiency and its manifestations. It shouldn’t be used in case of blockage of bile ducts, severe liver failure and severe renal impairment. Diarrhea may be associated with high doses of dimecrotic acid.

Camphoric acid is a product of oxidation of camphor, naturally occurring in rosemary. In the early twentieth century, camphoric acid was used in the night-sweats of phthisis and was also employed in solution as a local antiseptic to the nose, throat, and bladder. Camphoric acid was found to induce the expression of glutamate receptors NMDAR1, GluR3/4, and mGluR8.

Berberine, an alkaloid isolated from Rhizoma Coptidis, is known to have a wide array of therapeutic effects including antimicrobial, antineoplastic, and hepatoprotective effects. It is found in several plants including European barberry, goldenseal, goldthread, Oregon grape, phellodendron, and tree tumeric. Berberine seems to slightly reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Berberine might lower blood pressure. Berberine is possibly safe for most adults for short-term use when taken by mouth or applied to the skin.

Acid green 50 (Lissamine Green B) is a synthetically produced organic acid dye with two aminophenyl groups. Acid green 50 is extensively used as a food dye and has a medical application as a staining agent. Due to its low toxicity and ability to stain dead and damaged cells the dye (in form of lissamine green strips) was approved as a tool for diagnosis of eye diseases associated with the damage of ocular surface epithelial cells.

Acid Orange 20 is an azodye. Used for wool, silk fiber dyeing, etc. Also used in leather dyeing and indicator.

Orotic acid is a minor dietary constituent. Historically it was believed to be part of the vitamin B complex and was called vitamin B13, but it is now known that it is not a vitamin and is synthesized in the body, where it arises as an intermediate in the pathway for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Orotic acid is converted to UMP by UMP synthase, a multifunctional protein with both orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidylate decarboxylase activity. The most frequently observed inborn error of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis is a mutation of the multifunctional protein UMP synthase. As a result, plasma orotic acid accumulates to high concentrations, and increased quantities appear in the urine. Orotic acid levels are elevated in the urea cycle defects ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, citrullinemia and argininosuccinic acidemia, as well as the mitochondrial transport disorder hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome. Orotic acid is also elevated in hereditary orotic aciduria, or uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by megaloblastic anemia and crystalluria. In addition, orotic acid in combination with leflunomide is in the phase II of clinical trial to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a combination in kidney transplant patients with high levels of Polyoma BK viruria for the purpose of preventing polyoma BK viremia and nephropathy, that could lead to kidney transplant loss from viral damage, acute rejection or both.

Disodiurn salt of Arsonoacetic acid has been used in veterinary to treat anaplasmosis (babesiasis); as general stimulant in nervous disease; for eclampsia of bitches, and with adjuncts in chronic eczema and follicular mange. Arsonoacetic acid has not featured much in human medicine, a Chinese patent however, was filed in 2003 for arsonoacetic acid and its methyl or ethyl derivatives as chemotherapeutic drugs again liver cancer.