Tulathromycin A is a triamilide antibiotic. Exists as an equilibrium mixture of two isomeric forms, Tulathromycin A (90%) and B (10%). It acts by binding to a bacterial ribosome sub-unit thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. Tulathromycin mixture is indicated for the treatment of bovine and swine respiratory disease, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, bovine foot rot (interdigital necrobacillosis). In one bovine respiratory disease field study, two calves treated with DRAXXIN (Tulathromycin mixture) exhibited transient hypersalivation. In one field study, one out of 40 pigs treated with DRAXXIN exhibited mild salivation that resolved in less than four hours. Cross resistance occurs with other macrolides. Do not administer simultaneously with antimicrobials with a similar mode of action such as other macrolides or lincosamides.

Linear gramicidin is a hydrophobic antibiotic polypeptide composed of 15 hydrophobic amino acids in D- and L-alternate conformers with the following sequence: formyl-L-X-gly-L-ala-D-leu-L-ala-D-val-L-val-D-val-L-trp-D-leu-Ltrp-D-leu-L-trp-D-leu-L-trp-ethanolamine where X represents either valine or isoleucine. Whether amino acid 11 is tryptophan, phenylalanine, or tyrosine, gramicidins are called A, B, or C, respectively. A mixture of three pairs of antibacterial substances (Gramicidin A, B, and C) is also called Gramicidin D and is produced by the growth of Bacillus brevis Dubos (Fam. Bacillaceae). Gramicidin is bactericidal for a variety of gram-positive organisms. It increases the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane to inorganic cations by forming a network of channels through the normal lipid bilayer of the membrane. Gramicidin is used in the combination with neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate (NEOSPORIN®) for the topical treatment of superficial infections of the external eye and its adnexa caused by susceptible bacteria.

Sennoside A, derived from the traditional chinese medicine plant Rheum L., has being shown to be a dual HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication. Sennoside A is a kind of irritant laxative. It is also used for colonoscopy preparation. It mildly inhibits bovine serum monoamine oxidase with IC50 of 17uM.

Xantofyl palmitate (brand name Adaptinol) is an approved drug for retinitis pigmentosa in Japan since August 1956. Adaptinol promotes aerobic metabolism of the retina to expand visual field or delay the development of narrowing of visual field. It also acts on the retina to improve vision in the dark. It is usually used to transiently improve visual field and dark adaptation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Coenzyme A (CoA) is a ubiquitous essential cofactor that plays a central role in the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids, as well as carbohydrate and protein. In the metabolic pathway of lipid, CoA participates in fatty acid β-oxidation, promoting triglyceride (TG) catabolism. Coenzyme A functions as an acyl group carrier and assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester, such as acetyl-CoA) as a substrate. Coenzyme A is the most active metabolic enzyme in the human body. It is used as a supplement for the hypothetical treatment of acne.

Retonol, also known as Vitamin A1, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. It is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency. It is also used to prevent further issues in those who have measles. Retinol is used as a metabolic precursor of retinoic acid to treat skin-related conditions, such as cellulite, skin aging, photodamage.