Mazindol is an amphetamine-like medicine which was developed by Sandoz in 1967 and approved by FDA for the treatment of obesity and Duchenne muscular dystrophy under the names Sanorex and Mazanor. The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but possibly involves the stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors and inhibition of monoamine reuptake. Both Sanorex and Mazanor were withdrawn from the market by reason other than safety. NLS Pharma now is developing mazindol for Attention Hyperactivity Disorder in adults (phase II).

Fuchsine (rosaniline hydrochloride) is a magenta dye. Basic fuchsine is a mixture of rosaniline, pararosaniline, new fuchsine and Magenta II. Carbol fuchsin is a mixture of phenol and basic fuchsin, used in bacterial staining procedures. It is commonly used in the staining of mycobacteria as it has an affinity for the mycolic acids found in their cell membranes. The World Health Organization recommendation of 0.3% carbol fuchsin in the ZN method for staining acid-fast bacilli (AFB).

L-threonine is an essential amino acid. Threonine is a precursor of glycine. The biochemical studies on rats proved that glycine is synthesized from threonine (through threonine dehydrogenase pathway). Threonine dehydrogenase is the key enzyme in mammals like pigs, cat, and rats for degradation of 80% threonine. In adult humans, degradation of 7–11% of threonine is done by threonine dehydrogenase. The human L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase gene (GeneID: 157739, UniProtKB: Q8IZJ6 (TDH_HUMAN)) is an expressed pseudogene having lost the splice acceptor site preceding exon 6 and codon arginine-214 (CGA) is mutated to a stop codon (TGA). A few trials demonstrated that oral L-threonine may alleviate clinical signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spasticity in humans. L-Threonine has recently been brought into agricultural industry for balancing the livestock feed.

Leucine is an α-amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Leucine is an essential hydrophobic amino acid. It is used in the Leucine may be used some people as a supplement to build muscle. Leucine is also found in fish, meat, and poultry. In the pharmaceutical industry, L-leucine is used for parenteral and enteral nutrition and feeding, and is also used as a flavoring product and tablet lubricant in manufacturing. Leucine is an mTOR activator. It is a dietary amino acid with the capacity to directly stimulate muscle protein synthesis. As a dietary supplement, leucine has been found to slow the degradation of muscle tissue by increasing the synthesis of muscle proteins in aged rats. Long-term leucine supplementation does not increase muscle mass or strength in healthy elderly men. Leucine potently activates the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase that regulates cell growth. Infusion of leucine into the rat brain has been shown to decrease food intake and body weight via activation of the mTOR pathway.

Lysing is an essential basic amino-acid encoded by codone AAA and AAG, and used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken. In a clinical study lysine supplements was found to be an effective for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection, however Cochrane Review concluded that the evidence is insufficient. Lysine was investigated for improving anxiety, ameliorating angina prectoris. Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to treat pain and to detoxify the body after heroin use. Lysine clonixinate has been used for its analgesic properties for the treatment of migraine headaches and other painful conditions. However, limited clinical trials exist for these conditions.

Histidine is an essential amino acid. L-histidine is converted to histamine by histidine decarboxylase, a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme. The copper(II)–l-histidine (1:2 complex at physiological pH) has been widely used in the treatment of Menkes disease (a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that leads to early death in the children due to impaired copper metabolism) and more recent use has been reported in the treatment of infantile hypertrophic cardioencephalomyopathy (a condition caused by mutations in SCO2, a cytochrome c oxidase assembly gene). CUSTODIOL HTK (Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate) Solution is indicated for perfusion and flushing of donor kidneys, liver, and heart prior to removal from the donor or immediately after removal from the donor.

Lysing is an essential basic amino-acid encoded by codone AAA and AAG, and used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken. In a clinical study lysine supplements was found to be an effective for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection, however Cochrane Review concluded that the evidence is insufficient. Lysine was investigated for improving anxiety, ameliorating angina prectoris. Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to treat pain and to detoxify the body after heroin use. Lysine clonixinate has been used for its analgesic properties for the treatment of migraine headaches and other painful conditions. However, limited clinical trials exist for these conditions.

Lysing is an essential basic amino-acid encoded by codone AAA and AAG, and used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken. In a clinical study lysine supplements was found to be an effective for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection, however Cochrane Review concluded that the evidence is insufficient. Lysine was investigated for improving anxiety, ameliorating angina prectoris. Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to treat pain and to detoxify the body after heroin use. Lysine clonixinate has been used for its analgesic properties for the treatment of migraine headaches and other painful conditions. However, limited clinical trials exist for these conditions.

Carfecillin is a phenyl ester of the side-chain carboxyl group of carbenicillin, beta-lactam antibiotic, acting as a prodrug. Upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal mucosa to the active antibacterial. It is used for urinary tract infections.