LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE

US Previously Marketed

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C6H14N2O2.ClH
Molecular Weight	182.649
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

Cl.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N

InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2.ClH/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10;/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10);1H/t5-;/m0./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.nap.edu/read/10490/chapter/12
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26252373

Lysing is an essential basic amino-acid encoded by codone AAA and AAG, and used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken. In a clinical study lysine supplements was found to be an effective for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection, however Cochrane Review concluded that the evidence is insufficient. Lysine was investigated for improving anxiety, ameliorating angina prectoris. Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to treat pain and to detoxify the body after heroin use. Lysine clonixinate has been used for its analgesic properties for the treatment of migraine headaches and other painful conditions. However, limited clinical trials exist for these conditions.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Serotonin 4 (5-HT4) receptor 39 Target ID: CHEMBL1875 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28103616	Antagonist 2778
GABA-A receptor; anion channel 202 Target ID: CHEMBL2093872 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8587651	Agonist 2678

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Herpes simplex infection 28 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Primary	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine has been studied for the prevention and treatment of herpes infections and cold sores.
Angina pectoris 106 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Primary	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine supplements may relieve effort-related angina pectoris.
Osteoporosis 97 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Primary	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine increases the intestinal absorption and reduces the renal elimination of calcium.
Anxiety 267 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Primary	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine is believed to exert anxiolytic effects by acting as a partial serotonin receptor 4 antagonist and as a partial benzodiazepine agonist
Heroin dependence 10 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Palliative	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to detoxify the body after heroin use.
Patent ductus arteriosus 8 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/neoprofen.html	Primary	Approved 8429	NEOPROFEN Approved Use NeoProfen is indicated to close a clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants weighing between 500 and 1500 g, who are no more than 32 weeks gestational age when usual medical management (e.g., fluid restriction, diuretics, respiratory support, etc.) is ineffective. The clinical trial was conducted among infants with an asymptomatic PDA. However, the consequences beyond 8 weeks after treatment have not been evaluated; therefore, treatment should be reserved for infants with clear evidence of a clinically significant PDA. Launch Date 2006

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Antibodies to SOX13 (ICA12) are associated with type 1 diabetes.	2001	11264788
The antioxidant system beta-D(+) glucose-glucose oxidase-catalase: tests for pyrogenicity and antigenicity.	2001	11247273
Identification of the alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase gene, the human ortholog of the yeast LYS5 gene.	2001 Apr	11286508
A systematic approach to the analysis of protein phosphorylation.	2001 Apr	11283598
Differences in sialic acid density in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Aspergillus species.	2001 Apr	11283283
Formation of 1,1'-iminodicarboxylic acid derivatives, 2,6-diketo-piperazine and dibenzodiazocine-2,6-dione by variations of multicomponent reactions.	2001 Apr	11233828
The fermentative production of L-lysine as an animal feed additive.	2001 Apr	11233822
Translational extracts active biologically in vitro obtained from eukaryotic monolayer cells: a versatile method for viral RNA studies.	2001 Apr	11226564
Effect of the degree of fatty acid unsaturation of rat heart mitochondria on their rates of H2O2 production and lipid and protein oxidative damage.	2001 Apr 15	11240164
The number of morphological synapses between neurons does not predict the strength of their physiological synaptic interactions: a study of dendrites in the nematode Ascaris suum.	2001 Apr 16	11268011
Properties of microtubules assembled from mammalian tubulin synthesized in Escherichia coli.	2001 Apr 17	11294652
Peflin and ALG-2, members of the penta-EF-hand protein family, form a heterodimer that dissociates in a Ca2+-dependent manner.	2001 Apr 27	11278427
Ethanol production from wheat straw hemicellulose hydrolysate by Pichia stipitis.	2001 Apr 27	11267696
Efficient preparation of natural and synthetic galactosides with a recombinant beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-/UDP-4'-gal epimerase fusion protein.	2001 Apr 6	11281786
Biochemical and functional characterization of a molecule expressed by a subset of thymic medullary epithelial cells.	2001 Feb	11292258
Isolation of the Escherichia coli nucleoid.	2001 Feb	11278063
Detection of early gene expression changes during activation of human primary lymphocytes by in vitro synthesis of proteins from polysome-associated mRNAs.	2001 Feb	11266628
The effect of protease inhibitors on the two-dimensional electrophoresis pattern of red blood cell membranes.	2001 Feb	11258769
In vivo distribution and speciation of [114mIn]InCl3 in the Wistar rat.	2001 Feb	11253025
L-lysine reduces nonenzymatic glycation of glomerular basement membrane collagen and albuminuria in diabetic rats.	2001 Feb	11244310
Endotoxin, endotoxin-neutralizing-capacity, sCD14, sICAM-1, and cytokines in patients with various degrees of alcoholic liver disease.	2001 Feb	11236841
Hydrolysed protein accelerates the gastrointestinal transport of formula in preterm infants.	2001 Feb	11236051
Uptake and accumulation of exogenous docosahexaenoic acid by Chlorella.	2001 Jan	11272831
Endotoxemia and acute-phase proteins in major abdominal surgery.	2001 Jan	11248174
Influence of lysates of the salivary glands of Lutzomyia longipalpis on the development of a Leishmania-major-like parasite in the skin of the golden hamster.	2001 Jan	11235554
ESR detection of intraphagosomal superoxide in polymorphonuclear leukocytes using 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-l-pyrroline-N-oxide.	2001 Jan	11234998
The function of interdomain interactions in controlling nucleotide exchange rates in transducin.	2001 Jun 29	11290746
Endogenous formation of protein adducts with carcinogenic aldehydes: implications for oxidative stress.	2001 Jun 29	11283024
Chemical and biological evaluation of endotoxin contamination on natural rubber latex products.	2001 Jun 5	11255197
Enhancement of antitumor immune response in glioma models in mice by genetically modified dendritic cells pulsed with Semliki forest virus-mediated complementary DNA.	2001 Mar	11235953
Mechanisms of photoreceptor cell death in cancer-associated retinopathy.	2001 Mar	11222531
Investigating the surface expression of the renal type IIa Na+/Pi-cotransporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes.	2001 Mar 1	11284206
T cell-dependent antitumor immunity mediated by secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine: augmentation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.	2001 Mar 1	11280767
XIAP regulates Akt activity and caspase-3-dependent cleavage during cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human ovarian epithelial cancer cells.	2001 Mar 1	11280739
Characterisation of L-tryptophan transporters in human placenta: a comparison of brush border and basal membrane vesicles.	2001 Mar 1	11230513
Quantitative analysis of specific mRNA species in minute cell samples by RT-PCR and flow cytometry.	2001 Mar 1	11226479
Effects of initial particle size on the tableting properties of L-lysine monohydrochloride dihydrate powder.	2001 Mar 14	11250107
Enhancement of tumor lysate- and peptide-pulsed dendritic cell-based vaccines by the addition of foreign helper protein.	2001 Mar 15	11289139
Induction and clonal expansion of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from renal cell carcinoma patients after stimulation with autologous dendritic cells loaded with tumor cells.	2001 Mar 15	11275975
High pressure increases bactericidal activity and spectrum of lactoferrin, lactoferricin and nisin.	2001 Mar 20	11294354
Clinical studies of human papilloma vaccines in pre-invasive and invasive cancer.	2001 Mar 21	11257391
A simple method for midkine purification by affinity chromatography with a heavy chain variable domain (VH) fragment of antibody.	2001 Mar 28	11282403
Characterization of mouse brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) and phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase-associated protein 1, a novel BAI1-binding protein.	2001 Mar 5	11245925
Influence of crystal shape on the tableting performance of L-lysine monohydrochloride dihydrate.	2001 May	11288101
Human corneal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase and mouse intestinal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase both produce keratan sulfate.	2001 May 11	11278593
Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 by annexin I. Specific interaction model and mapping of the interaction site.	2001 May 11	11278580
Isolation and characterization of senescence-induced cDNAs encoding deoxyhypusine synthase and eucaryotic translation initiation factor 5A from tomato.	2001 May 18	11278418
CYP2A6*6, a novel polymorphism in cytochrome p450 2A6, has a single amino acid substitution (R128Q) that inactivates enzymatic activity.	2001 May 25	11278503
The heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha kinase. A potential regulatory target for control of protein synthesis by diffusible gases.	2001 May 4	11278914
Evidence that the peptidylprolyl isomerase domain of the hsp90-binding immunophilin FKBP52 is involved in both dynein interaction and glucocorticoid receptor movement to the nucleus.	2001 May 4	11278753

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Lysin is an essential amino-acid. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

In the in vitro study of herpes simplex virus (HSV) growth in tissue culture, arginine deficiency suppressed HSV growth. Maximum herpes growth (as measured by plaques counting) was observed in flasks, containing 10-20 ug/ml of arginine. The addition of 50 ug/ml of lysine to the flasks containing 2.5 and 5.0 ug/ml of arginine reduced the number of viable plaque-forming units (PFU) from 3300 and 48800 to less than 10.

Name

Type

Language

LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Official Name

English

L-LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE

Systematic Name

English

LYSINE, L-, MONOHYDROCHLORIDE

Common Name

English

L-LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE [JAN]

Common Name

English

NSC-9253

Code

English

L-LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE [JAN]

Common Name

English

L-LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE [FCC]

Common Name

English

LYSINE HCL [INCI]

Common Name

English

Lysine hydrochloride [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

LYSINE HCL

Official Name

English

LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

L-LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Systematic Name

English

LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USAN]

Common Name

English

LYSINE HCL, L-

Common Name

English

LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE

Systematic Name

English

LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

CFR

21 CFR 310.537