Menthyl lactate is derived from menthol, a compound that comes from peppermint oil, or is made synthetically. Menthol has a natural cooling effect, which makes it useful as a topical analgesic to treat skin irritation, pain, itching or sunburn. Despite its cooling benefits, menthol can be a skin irritant. Like menthol, menthyl lactate is cooling, but it causes less skin irritation than menthol. Menthyl lactate also has a refreshing, minty taste. For this reason, some manufacturers use it as a flavoring ingredient. The compound is recommended for use as a flavor in concentrations of 0.005% to 0.2% and in cosmetic and other external products in concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 2.0%. Menthyl lactate is a known compound available e.g. from Haarmann & Reimer GmbH (Germany) under the name FRESCOLAT, Type ML.

Benzocaine is a local anesthetic. It acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium ion channels in nerve endings. Benzocaine is available over-the counter for local anesthesia of oral and pharyngeal mucous membranes (sore throat, cold sores, mouth ulcers, toothache, sore gums, denture irritation), otic pain, and as a local anesthetic for surgical or diagnostic procedures. As a spray, benzocaine is used for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with minor burns, sunburn, minor cuts or scrapes, insect bites, or minor skin irritations. Topical application of benzocaine to gums or mouth may cause rare, but serious and potentially fatal adverse effect methemoglobinemia.

Trimecaine is an amide series local anesthetic with antiarrhythmic activity. It was shown to be capable of eliminating the flutter of atria in dogs simulated by an electric stimulation of the myocardium and atrial fibrillation in cats induced with aconitin and precludes ventricular fibrillation in rats arising due to intoxication with calcium chloride. Trimecaine noticeably mitigates the toxic effect of strophanthin. While depressing the automatism of the sinoatrial node the drug does not affect the conduction function. The combination of epidural trimecaine with morphine after a major urological surgery provides a superior analgesia with fewer side effects when compared to epidurally delivered bupivacaine with fentanyl.

Clormecaine is a local anesthetic drug.

Betoxycaine was used as a local anesthetic.

Dexoxadrol is a sigma receptor agonist. Dexoxadrol, the D-isomer of dioxodrol, which produces PCP-like behavioural effects and displaces bound [3H]PCP, was a potent blocker of the PCP-sensitive, voltage-gated K+ channel. Dexoxadrol was developed as analgesics for use in humans, however, severe side effects including psychotomimetic effects, unpleasant dreams and aberrations stopped the clinical evaluation of dexoxadrol. Dexoxadrol is a NMDA receptor antagonist, which possesses high affinity to the phencyclidine binding site within the NMDA receptor associated ion channel.

Etoxadrol is an NMDA receptor antagonist. It exerts phencyclidine-like properties. Etoxadrol has anticonvulsant and anesthetic activity. Intravenous etoxadrol was clinically tested as an anesthetic.

Phencyclidine is an illegal, hallucinogenic drug that was initially used as an anesthetic agent in the 1950s and early 1960s, but was then withdrawn in 1965 because of dissociative hallucinogenic effects that were often disturbing and sometimes severe and prolonged. Phencyclidine is a noncompetitive NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist and glutamate receptor antagonist, but also interacts with other receptor sites, and may have effects with dopamine, opioid and nicotinic receptors. Phencyclidine disrupts the functioning of receptors for the neurotransmitter glutamate, which plays a major role in the perception of pain as well as in learning, memory, and emotion. It also influences the actions of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which causes the euphoria associated with drug use. Phencyclidine overdose deaths may occur after taking a large dose, though many phencyclidine related deaths result from delusions and other psychological consequences of the drug’s use. There have been reports of death due to accidental drowning, leaping from high places, and motor vehicle accidents in addition to violent episodes of self-mutilation, suicides, and homicides.

Diamocaine is the local anesthetic.

Dimethocaine (DMC, larocaine), a synthetic derivative of cocaine, is a widely distributed "legal high" consumed as a "new psychoactive substance" (NPS), originally was used in the 1930s as an anesthetic, primarily in dentistry, ophthalmology, and otolaryngology. This drug completely inhibits dopamine transporter and has had the potential for abuse. Dimethocaine is intended for forensic and research purposes.