Difebarbamate is a barbituric acid derivative. It is a hypnotic drug. Difebarbamate is a component of Tetrabamate complex, which was introduced for clinical use in the treatment of alcoholism and various types of drug dependence. After oral administration of difebarbamate, the compound was completely metabolized and three metabolic pathways were observed: oxidation of Cl of the n-butyl chain which leads to the oxygen dealkylation; hydrolysis of the carbamoyloxy group; oxidation of the benzene ring in position 4. Tetrabamate can induce hepatotoxicity, probably due to an idiosyncratic metabolic mechanism. Despite restrictions on its indications and treatment duration introduced in 1997, cases of severe liver damage have continued to be notified in France.

Dazoxiben is a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase (IC50 3 nM), an enzyme that converts the endo-peroxide PGH2 into thromboxane A2, which is a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregating agent. Dazoxiben has demonstrated efficacy in some clinical trial for the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome, an ischaemic condition manifested by the pallor of affected digits. In subsequent studies, however, no significant effect of dazoxiben was found. Dazoxiben was also evaluated in patients with sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, stable angina, and other conditions.

Dazoquinast is an imidazoquinoxaline derivative with antiallergic properties, developed by the British company Roussel Laboratories Ltd. Dazoquinast inhibited the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats passively sensitized to ovalbumen after intravenous and oral administration with ED50s of 0.073 and 0.13 mg/kg respectively.

Cinnamic acid is an odorless white crystalline acid that has only been recently studied for its potential in cancer prevention. Cinnamic acid and its derivatives are the major group of phenolic acids with ubiquitous distribution in fruits and vegetables. Preclinical data support the beneficial effects of Cinnamic acid, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. A more recent botanical review noted that cinnamic acid may help pre-diabetic and diabetic patients. When infected mice were fed food loaded with cinnamic acid, researchers saw that their insulin levels were better managed. Another study which used mice models saw that cinnamic acid improved glucose tolerance by promoting insulin secretion.

Cinecromen is benzopyranone derivative useful as coronary dilators. Cinecromen increases dog coronary blood flow two times after i.v. administration.

Ceftioxide is broad-spectrum , beta-lactam antibiotic patented by German pharmaceutical company Hoechst A.-G.

Cefuroxime Pivoxetil is an ester prodrug of cefuroxime, a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant, second-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefuroxime binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

Dimenoxadol is an opioid analgesic which produces typical opioid effects such as analgesia and sedation. It is structurally similar to methadone and is a benzilic acid derivative. In the United States it is classified as a Schedule I controlled drug.