FENPYROXIMATE is a pyrazole acaricide widely used in the prevention of acarids (mites) in fruit plant gardens. It is a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial proton-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I).

FLUCICLOVINE is a synthetic amino acid which is transported across mammalian cell membranes by amino acid transporters such as LAT-1 and ASCT2. Its 18F radiolabelled form is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting prostate cancer cells where aforementioned transporters are known to be upregulated, providing a mechanism for the enhanced accumulation of the tracer in these cells.

Toluidine Blue (also known as tolonium chloride or Toluidine blue O) is metachromatic dye used for a variety of histological staining, it selectively stains acidic tissue components (sulfates, carboxylates, and phosphate radicals. Toluidine blue has an affinity for nucleic acids, and therefore binds to nuclear material of tissues with a high DNA and RNA content. It was evaluated the toluidine blue staining in premalignancies, and superficial oral ulceration suggesting malignancy. The study showed 100% sensitivity in the detection of in situ and invasive carcinoma and no false-negative results occurred. The lesions that were diagnosed as dysplasia did not retain stain, and thus gave false-negative results. The reasons could be that the exact mechanisms by which the dye differentially stains malignant or dysplastic tissues remain unknown.

Undecanoic acid (UDA) is a fatty acid with significant antimycotic activity. Undecanoic acid is a straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series. It has a role as a human metabolite and an antifungal agent. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of an undecanoate. It derives from a hydride of an undecane. Undecanoic acid inhibited the production of exocellular lipase and keratinase but stimulated the production of exocellular phospholipase A in T. rubrum undecanoic acid-resistant mutant (udar). At its minimum inhibitory concentration, undecanoic acid inhibits biosynthesis of phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and polyphosphoinositol but does not inhibit the synthesis of phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidic acid in Trichophyton rubrum. At higher concentration, however UDA inhibits biosynthesis of all phosphatides present in this dermatophyte. UDA also affects catabolism of these phosphatides. This inhibitory effect of UDA may be partially responsible for its toxic action on T. rubrum.

Tebufenozide, a non-steroidal insect growth regulator, is extensively used to control pests. It is considered an environmentally friendly pesticide due to its specificity on target insects. However, some studies have found that tebufenozide is cytotoxic to man, although the exact mechanism is unknown. Experiments with human cells have shown that tebufenozide induced DNA damage in HeLa cells. This effect was achieved by inducing the cell cycle arrest and by apoptosis through activating the p53 protein in a Bax- and Bcl-2-triggered mitochondrial pathway.

Eucatropine is known as an anticholinergic agent, which acts as antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.