Rosiglitazone acts as a highly selective and potent agonist at peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) in target tissues for insulin action such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. It is FDA approved for the treatment of as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibitors of CYP2C8 (e.g., gemfibrozil) may increase rosiglitazone levels; inducers of CYP2C8 (e.g., rifampin) may decrease rosiglitazone levels. Common adverse reactions include edema, weight gain, and headache.

Ergonovine (also known as ergometrine) is the active water soluble component of ergot of rye. Ergonovine is being used as a maleate salt to prevent or treate postpartum haemorrhage and postabortion haemorrhage. Ergonovine stimulates alpha-adrenergic and serotonin receptors, thus activating contractions of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Ergonovine may have depressant effect on CNS system as it binds to dopamine receptors.

There is no information about biological application only a few articles about pharmacological application of lead fluoride, that this substance was investigated for topical dental caries.

Benzaldehyde is the simplest and possibly the most industrially useful member of the family of aromatic aldehydes. Benzaldehyde exists in nature, primarily in combined forms such as a glycoside in almond, apricot, cherry, and peach seeds. The characteristic benzaldehyde odor of oil of bitter almond occurs because of trace amounts of free benzaldehyde formed by hydrolysis of the glycoside amygdalin. Benzaldehyde is a versatile intermediate because of its reactive aldehyde hydrogen, its carbonyl group, and the benzene ring. Benzaldehyde is formed from phenylpyruvic acid, derived by the aminotransferase activity on phenylalanine, in the presence of high levels of Mn2+, and contributes to the generation of flavor compound during cheese ripening. Benzaldehyde is a synthetic flavoring substance, sanctioned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for foods. Benzaldehyde is also recognized as safe for use as a bee repellant in the harvesting of honey. Benzaldehyde's most important use is in organic synthesis, where it is the raw material utilized to produce various aldehydes. Because Benzaldehyde rapidly metabolizes to Benzoic Acid in the skin, the available dermal irritation and sensitization data demonstrating no adverse reactions to Benzoic Acid were considered supportive of the safety of Benzaldehyde.

Acetone (or propanone) is the smallest and simplest ketone, which is used in cosmetic as a nail polish remover. Acetone is produced within the body because of the breakdown of stored fats and lipids as a source of energy. Such conditions as physical exercise and prolonged dieting, which lead to cleavage of fat within the body, may result in higher than average amounts of acetone in the bloodstream. The concentration of acetone in the environment doesn’t cause a neurotoxic, carcinogenic, or reproductive health hazard effect. In addition, experiments on rodents have shown that acetone possesses anticonvulsant properties.

Diethyl ether (ether) had been widely used for anesthesia until the 1960s despite its explosive properties and toxicity to both humans and animals. Diethyl ether still serves a role today as an effective inhalation agent. Newer inhalation agents have replaced ether completely and open drop delivery systems have been exchanged for complicated vaporizers and monitoring systems. Anesthesia in the developing world, however, still closely resembles primitive anesthetics.

Safrole is a natural product obtained from essential oil of the root bark of Sassafras tree. Safrole has been used as a flavoring agent in drugs and in the manufacture of heliotropin, perfumes, soaps, and piperonyl butoxide. Oil of sassafras, which contains safrole, was formerly used to flavor some soft drinks, such as root beer. However, this use or any other addition of safrole or oil of sassafras to food was banned in the United States in 1960 due to evidence of carcinogenicity. Numerous studies have shown that safrole from betel quid-containing safrole might be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in human due to the formation of DNA adducts. Safrole has also been used in the illicit production of the drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or ecstasy), and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has designated safrole a List I Chemical. Anticancer and anti-diabetic properties of safrole were investigated in vitro and in vivo.

Deracoxib (trade name Deramaxx, Novartis) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the coxib class, used in veterinary medicine for the control of postoperative pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic and dental surgery and for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. Data indicate that deracoxib inhibits the production of PGE1 and 6-keto PGF1 by its inhibitory effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis. Deracoxib was shown to have antitumor effect against transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.