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Restrict the search for
angiotensin ii
to a specific field?
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2010)
Source:
ANDA077157
(2010)
Source URL:
First approved in 1959
Source:
ORETICYL 25 by ABBVIE
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2018)
Source:
ANDA210175
(2018)
Source URL:
First approved in 1959
Source:
OPANA by ENDO PHARMS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Oxymorphone is an analgesic that is FDA approved for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is also indicated for relief of anxiety in patients with dyspnea associated with pulmonary edema secondary to acute left ventricular dysfunction. Oxymorphone (brand names Opana, Numorphan, Numorphone) is a full opioid agonist and is relatively selective for the mu-opioid receptor, although it can bind to other opioid receptors at higher doses. Adverse reactions (≥ 2% of patients): seen with the immediate release tablet formulation Nausea, pyrexia, somnolence, vomiting, pruritus, headache, dizziness, constipation, and confusion. Concomitant use with serotonergic drugs may result in serotonin syndrome. Avoid use of mixed agonist/antagonist and partial agonist opioid analgesics with Opana because they may reduce analgesic effect of Opana or precipitate withdrawal symptoms.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2006)
Source:
NDA021980
(2006)
Source URL:
First approved in 1958
Source:
NDA208742
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Fluorescein is a synthetic organic compound available as a dark orange/red powder slightly soluble in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications. Fluorescein was first synthesized by Adolf von Baeyer in 1871. It can be prepared from phthalic anhydride and resorcinol in the presence of zinc chloride via the Friedel-Crafts reaction. Fuorescein sodium is used intravenously in diagnostic fluorescein angiography or angioscopy of the retina and iris vasculature. Fluorescein sodium responds to electromagnetic radiation and light between the wavelengths of 465-490 nm and fluoresces, i.e., emits light at wavelengths of 520-530 nm. Thus, the hydrocarbon is excited by blue light and emits light that appears yellowish-green. Following intravenous injection of fluorescein sodium in an aqueous solution, the unbound fraction of the fluorescein can be excited with a blue light flash from a fundus camera as it circulates through the ocular vasculature, and the yellowish green fluorescence of the dye is captured by the camera. In the fundus, the fluorescence of the dye demarcates the retinal and/or choroidal vasculature under observation, distinguishing it from adjacent areas/structures. Topical, oral, and intravenous use of fluorescein can cause adverse reactions, including nausea, vomiting, hives, acute hypotension, anaphylaxis and related anaphylactoid reaction, causing cardiac arrest and sudden death due to anaphylactic shock. The most common adverse reaction is nausea, due to a difference in the pH from the body and the pH of the sodium fluorescein dye; a number of other factors however, are considered contributors as well. The nausea usually is transient and subsides quickly. Intravenous use has the most reported adverse reactions, including sudden death, but this may reflect greater use rather than greater risk. Both oral and topical uses have been reported to cause anaphylaxis, including one case of anaphylaxis with cardiac arrest (resuscitated) following topical use in an eye drop. Reported rates of adverse reactions vary from 1% to 6%. The higher rates may reflect study populations that include a higher percentage of persons with prior adverse reactions. The risk of an adverse reaction is 25 times higher if the person has had a prior adverse reaction. The risk can be reduced with prior (prophylactic) use of antihistamines and prompt emergency management of any ensuing anaphylaxis. A simple prick test may help to identify persons at greatest risk of adverse reaction
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2018)
Source:
NDA208742
(2018)
Source URL:
First approved in 1958
Source:
DECADRON by MERCK
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory agent that is FDA approved for the treatment of many conditions, including rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, croup, brain swelling and others. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid agonist. Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. Adverse reactions are: Glaucoma with optic nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects; cataract formation; secondary ocular infection following suppression of host response; and perforation of the globe may occur; muscle weakness; osteoporosis and others. Aminoglutethimide may diminish adrenal suppression by corticosteroids. Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to cause a significant decrease in corticosteroid clearance.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2024)
Source:
ANDA218630
(2024)
Source URL:
First approved in 1958
Source:
DIUPRES-250 by MERCK
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Like other thiazides, chlorothiazide promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). It inhibits Na /Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. Chlorothiazide affects the distal renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. At maximal therapeutic dosages, all thiazides are approximately equal in their diuretic efficacy. Chlorothiazide increases excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. Natriuresis may be accompanied by some loss of potassium and bicarbonate. After oral doses, 10-15 percent of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. Chlorothiazide crosses the placental but not the blood-brain barrier and is excreted in breast milk. As a diuretic, chlorothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like chlorothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of chlorothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. It is marketed under the brand name Diuril.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1973)
Source:
NDA016931
(1973)
Source URL:
First approved in 1957
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
L-arginine is a nonessential amino acid that may play an important role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease due to its antiatherogenic, anti-ischemic, antiplatelet, and antithrombotic properties. It has been promoted as a growth stimulant and as a treatment for erectile dysfunction in men. L-arginine is a nonessential amino acid that may play an important role in the treatment of heart disease due to its block arterial plaque buildup, blood clots, platelet clumping, and to increase blood flow through the coronary artery. L-arginine is commonly sold as a health supplement claiming to improve vascular health and treat erectile dysfunction in men. L-arginine, which is promoted as a human growth stimulant, has also been used in bodybuilding. In the 1800s, it was first isolated from animal horn.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1993)
Source:
NDA020006
(1993)
Source URL:
First approved in 1955
Source:
Levsin by Alaven Pharmaceutical LLC
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Sorbitol is a polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. Used as a non-stimulant laxative via an oral suspension or enema. Sorbitol exerts its laxative effect by drawing water into the large intestine, thereby stimulating bowel movements. Sorbitol plays a vital step in the 'polyol pathway'. The sudden injection of extra sorbitol can ruin the equilibrium of enzymes that regulate the conversion of glucose to fructose in a process associated with the onset of diabetes and its complications. Further, the polyol pathway is involved with a complex network of metabolic activities; disruption leads to a cascade of problems (citations here, here and here) such as mitochondrial failure, cell apoptosis (cell death), and DNA fragmentation. In general, sorbitol induces cell hyperosmotic stress resulting in phosphorylation (uptake of phosphorus into cell) — an important on/off switch regulating enzymes and signaling networks.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1993)
Source:
NDA020006
(1993)
Source URL:
First approved in 1955
Source:
Levsin by Alaven Pharmaceutical LLC
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Sorbitol is a polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. Used as a non-stimulant laxative via an oral suspension or enema. Sorbitol exerts its laxative effect by drawing water into the large intestine, thereby stimulating bowel movements. Sorbitol plays a vital step in the 'polyol pathway'. The sudden injection of extra sorbitol can ruin the equilibrium of enzymes that regulate the conversion of glucose to fructose in a process associated with the onset of diabetes and its complications. Further, the polyol pathway is involved with a complex network of metabolic activities; disruption leads to a cascade of problems (citations here, here and here) such as mitochondrial failure, cell apoptosis (cell death), and DNA fragmentation. In general, sorbitol induces cell hyperosmotic stress resulting in phosphorylation (uptake of phosphorus into cell) — an important on/off switch regulating enzymes and signaling networks.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1955)
Source:
NDA009435
(1955)
Source URL:
First approved in 1955
Source:
NDA009435
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine®, Nesacaine®-MPF) is a non pyrogenic local anesthetic. Nesacaine® is indicated for the production of local anesthesia by infiltration and peripheral nerve block. It is not to be used for lumbar or caudal epidural anesthesia. Nesacaine®-MPF is indicated for the production of local anesthesia by infiltration, peripheral and central nerve block, including lumbar and caudal epidural blocks. Nesacaine® and Nesacaine®-MPF are not to be used for subarachnoid administration. Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine®, Nesacaine®-MPF), like other local anesthetics, blocks the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. It acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1955)
Source:
NDA010040
(1955)
Source URL:
First approved in 1954
Source:
HYPAQUE by GE HEALTHCARE
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aminobenzoic acids. These are benzoic acids containing an amine group attached to the benzene moiety. A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. Used, alone or in combination, for a wide variety of diagnostic imaging methods, including angiography, urography, cholangiography, computed tomography, hysterosalpingography, and retrograde pyelography. It can be used for imaging the gastrointestinal tract in patients allergic to barium. Radiopaque agents are drugs used to help diagnose certain medical problems. They contain iodine, which blocks x-rays. Depending on how the radiopaque agent is given, it localizes or builds up in certain areas of the body. The resulting high level of iodine allows the x-rays to make a "picture" of the area. The areas of the body in which the radiopaque agent localizes will appear white on the x-ray film. This creates the needed distinction, or contrast, between one organ and other tissues.
