MANNITOL

First approved in 1955

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C6H14O6
Molecular Weight	182.1718
Optical Activity	( - )
Defined Stereocenters	4 / 4
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO

InChI

InChIKey=FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N

InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C6H14O6
Molecular Weight	182.1718
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	4 / 4
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description
Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=16cc9d47-5382-4237-ab84-f22c5436fe2ehttps://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00742 | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022368Orig1s000LBL.pdf | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/013684s091lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including: http://www.sailhome.org/Concerns/Vaccines.html

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. Mannitol (marketed under the brand Osmitrol) may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid. Mannitol, the active ingredient in ARIDOL, is indicated for the assessment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients 6 years of age or older who do not have clinically apparent asthma. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. As a diurectic mannitol induces diuresis because it is not reabsorbed in the renal tubule, thereby increasing the osmolality of the glomerular filtrate, facilitating excretion of water, and inhibiting the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and other solutes. Mannitol promotes the urinary excretion of toxic materials and protects against nephrotoxicity by preventing the concentration of toxic substances in the tubular fluid. As an Antiglaucoma agent mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolarity, resulting in enhanced flow of water from the eye into plasma and a consequent reduction in intraocular pressure. As a renal function diagnostic aid mannitol is freely filtered by the glomeruli with less than 10% tubular reabsorption. Therefore, its urinary excretion rate may serve as a measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Acute renal failure 8 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/013684s091lbl.pdf	Preventing	Approved 8429	Osmitrol Approved Use Osmitrol Injection (Mannitol Injection, USP) is indicated for: The promotion of diuresis, in the prevention and/or treatment of the oliguric phase of acute renal failure before irreversible renal failure becomes established; The reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema by reducing brain mass; The reduction of elevated intraocular pressure when the pressure cannot be lowered by other means, and promoting the urinary excretion of toxic substances. Launch Date 1964
Cerebral edema 4 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/013684s091lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	Osmitrol Approved Use Osmitrol Injection (Mannitol Injection, USP) is indicated for: The promotion of diuresis, in the prevention and/or treatment of the oliguric phase of acute renal failure before irreversible renal failure becomes established; The reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema by reducing brain mass; The reduction of elevated intraocular pressure when the pressure cannot be lowered by other means, and promoting the urinary excretion of toxic substances. Launch Date 1964
Elevated intraocular pressure 9 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/013684s091lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	Osmitrol Approved Use Osmitrol Injection (Mannitol Injection, USP) is indicated for: The promotion of diuresis, in the prevention and/or treatment of the oliguric phase of acute renal failure before irreversible renal failure becomes established; The reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema by reducing brain mass; The reduction of elevated intraocular pressure when the pressure cannot be lowered by other means, and promoting the urinary excretion of toxic substances. Launch Date 1964
Asthma 241 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022368Orig1s000LBL.pdf	Diagnostic	Approved 8429	ARIDOL Approved Use Mannitol, the active ingredient in ARIDOL, is indicated for the assessment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients 6 years of age or older who do not have clinically apparent asthma. Launch Date 2010
Cystic fibrosis 120 Sources: http://www.pharmaxis.com.au/approved-products/bronchitol/	Palliative	Approved 8429	Bronchitol Approved Use Bronchitol is indicated for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in adults aged 18 years and above as an add-on therapy to best standard of care. Launch Date 2012
End-Stage Renal Disease 3 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1998/20926lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	SORBITOL 3.3% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER Approved Use Renagel Capsules are indicated for the reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The safety and efficacy of Renagel Capsules in ESRD patients who are not on hemodialysis have not been studied. In hemodialysis patients, Renagel decreases the incidence of hypercalcemic episodes relative to patients on calcium acetate treatment. Launch Date 1978
Constipation 112 Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=16cc9d47-5382-4237-ab84-f22c5436fe2e	Primary	Basic research	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ABI Chem	AC1L57PZ
NovoSeek	171553
PubChem	171553	https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/171553

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Effect of sodium polystyrene sulfonate on lithium bioavailability.	1992 Nov	1416324
TNF-alpha induction by LPS is regulated posttranscriptionally via a Tpl2/ERK-dependent pathway.	2000 Dec 22	11163183
Osmotherapy for elevated intracranial pressure: a critical reappraisal.	2000 Jan	10668857
Intestinal permeability tests in coeliac disease.	2001	11294577
Mannitol for acute stroke.	2001	11279707
Hypertonicity stimulates Cl(-) transport in the intestine of fresh water acclimated eel, Anguilla anguilla.	2001	11275682
The effect of Celsior solution on 12-hour cardiac preservation in comparison with University of Wisconsin solution.	2001 Apr	11292930
Effect of high glucose concentration on the synthesis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells: involvement of protein kinase C.	2001 Apr	11287779
Comparison of culture, PCR and immunoassays for detecting Escherichia coli O157 following enrichment culture and immunomagnetic separation performed on naturally contaminated raw meat products.	2001 Aug 15	11545210
Effect of osmolytes and chaperone-like action of P-protein on folding of nucleocapsid protein of Chandipura virus.	2001 Aug 17	11413127
Membrane-bound quinoprotein D-arabitol dehydrogenase of Gluconobacter suboxydans IFO 3257: a versatile enzyme for the oxidative fermentation of various ketoses.	2001 Dec	11826974
Permeability of the proximal and distal rat colon crypt and surface epithelium to hydrophilic molecules.	2001 Feb	11294247
Preferential induction of a 9-lipoxygenase by salt in salt-tolerant cells of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.	2001 Feb	11289601
Improving water stress tolerance of the biocontrol yeast Candida sake grown in molasses-based media by physiological manipulation.	2001 Feb	11261491
The transmembrane protein occludin of epithelial tight junctions is a functional target for serine peptidases from faecal pellets of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.	2001 Feb	11251630
Pathophysiologic features and prevention of human and experimental acute tubular necrosis.	2001 Feb	11251028
Mannitol-induced acute manic state.	2001 Feb	11247098
The use of hypertonic saline in the treatment of traumatic brain injury.	2001 Feb	11242309
Hyperosmotic stress induces a rapid and transient increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate independent of abscisic acid in Arabidopsis cell culture.	2001 Feb	11230576
Celsior is superior to UW for graft preservation from non-heart-beating donors in a canine liver transplantation model.	2001 Feb-Mar	11267130
Pancreas preservation with Celsior solution in a pig autotransplantation model: comparative study with University of Wisconsin solution.	2001 Feb-Mar	11267111
Randomized clinical study comparing UW and Celsior solution in liver preservation for transplantation: preliminary results.	2001 Feb-Mar	11267110
Membrane-bound sugar alcohol dehydrogenase in acetic acid bacteria catalyzes L-ribulose formation and NAD-dependent ribitol dehydrogenase is independent of the oxidative fermentation.	2001 Jan	11272814
Protective effects of fluvastatin against reactive oxygen species induced DNA damage and mutagenesis.	2001 Jan	11234994
A physiological analysis of hyponatremia: implications for patients on peritoneal dialysis.	2001 Jan-Feb	11280499
Identification of a mannitol transporter, AgMaT1, in celery phloem.	2001 Mar	11251106
Monosaccharide uptake in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) EPC cells is mediated by a facilitative glucose carrier.	2001 Mar	11250543
Modeling of supercritical extraction of mannitol from plane tree leaf.	2001 Mar	11248499
Mannitol-induced toxicity in a diabetic patient receiving losartan.	2001 Mar	11247599
Osmotherapy: a call to arms.	2001 Mar	11239207
Intraplatelet calcium levels in patients with acute renal failure before and after the administration of loop diuretics.	2001 Mar	11239030
Effects of early enteral feeding on the prevention of enterogenic infection in severely burned patients.	2001 Mar	11226652
Transport of poly amidoamine dendrimers across Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.	2001 Mar 14	11250111
Alveolar epithelial barrier functions in ventilated perfused rabbit lungs.	2001 May	11290513
Theoretical description of transdermal transport of hydrophilic permeants: application to low-frequency sonophoresis.	2001 May	11288100
Design and validation of an annular shear cell for pharmaceutical powder testing.	2001 May	11288098
The production of reactive oxygen species by irradiated camphorquinone-related photosensitizers and their effect on cytotoxicity.	2001 May	11286804
Escherichia coli O157 infections and unpasteurised milk.	2001 Oct	11891383
Irinotecan pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics: the clinical relevance of prolonged exposure to SN-38.	2002 Jul 15	12107833
Salt-promoted protein folding, preferential binding, or electrostatic screening?	2002 Nov 1	12210996
Demonstration of glycated insulin in human diabetic plasma and decreased biological activity assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in humans.	2003 Feb	12540626
D-xylose metabolism in Hypocrea jecorina: loss of the xylitol dehydrogenase step can be partially compensated for by lad1-encoded L-arabinitol-4-dehydrogenase.	2003 Oct	14555469
In vitro cytotoxic effects of stabilizing sugars within human intravenous immunoglobulin preparations against the human macrophage THP-1 cell-line.	2003 Oct	14530170
Home-prepared hamburger and sporadic hemolytic uremic syndrome, Argentina.	2003 Sep	14531383
Evaluation of liver functional reserve by combining D-sorbitol clearance rate and CT measured liver volume.	2003 Sep	12970913
The heat shock protein 90 of Plasmodium falciparum and antimalarial activity of its inhibitor, geldanamycin.	2003 Sep 15	14514358
Aeromonas spp. and infectious diarrhea, Hong Kong.	2004 Aug	15503399
Mycobacterium cosmeticum sp. nov., a novel rapidly growing species isolated from a cosmetic infection and from a nail salon.	2004 Nov	15545488
Mild detergent treatment of Candida tropicalis reveals a NADPH-dependent reductase in the crude membrane fraction, which enables the production of pure bicyclic exo-alcohol.	2004 Nov	15543528
Anaphylaxis to excipient mannitol: evidence for an immunoglobulin E-mediated mechanism.	2004 Oct	15479277

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

120 mL of a 25 to 30% w/v solution (Laxative)

Route of Administration: Rectal

In Vitro Use Guide

25 mM sorbitol for 7 days (effect of glucose free medium containing sorbitol on mouse retinal progenitor cells)

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:11:13 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:11:13 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	3OWL53L36A
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Related Record	Type

Name

Type

Language

MANNITOL

Official Name

English

MANNITOL [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

MANNITOL [HSDB]

Common Name

English

MANNITOL [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

ISOMALT IMPURITY, MANNITOL- [USP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

INS NO.421

Code

English

D-MANNITOL [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

OSMITROL

Brand Name

English

E-421

Code

English

MANNITE

Common Name

English

Mannitol [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

D-(-)-MANNITOL

Common Name

English

D-MANNITOL

Common Name

English

MANNITOL [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

MANNITOL [FCC]

Common Name

English

MANNITOL [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

RESECTISOL

Brand Name

English

D-MANNITOL [JAN]

Common Name

English

MANNITOL [INCI]

Common Name

English

MANNITOL [VANDF]

Common Name

English

ISOMALT IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

SORBITOL-MANNITOL COMPONENT MANNITOL

Common Name

English

MANNITOL COMPONENT OF SORBITOL-MANNITOL

Common Name

English

CORDYCEPIC ACID

Common Name

English

NSC-407017

Code

English

MANNITOL [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

BRONCHITOL

Brand Name

English

MANNITOL, D-

Common Name

English

MANNITOLUM [WHO-IP LATIN]

Common Name

English

MANNITOL [MART.]

Common Name

English

LACTITOL MONOHYDRATE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

INS-421

Code

English

MANNITOL [MI]

Common Name

English

MANNITOL [II]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS

BRONCHITOL (AUTHORIZED: CYSTIC FIBROSIS)