Hydrocotarnine is a crystalline alkaloid, obtained from opium and also formed by the reduction of cotarnine. It is a non-narcotic opium alkaloid. Hydrocotarnine is supposed to potentiate the analgesic effect of oxycodone with unknown mechanism.

Propicillin (Baycillin Mega) is this semisynthetic penicillin, analogous to penicillin V, was introduced in the early 1960s. Although it is better absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, overall it is inferior to phenoxymethylpenicillin and phenoxyethylpenicillin because of its lower antibacterial activity. Propicillin is used by propicillin-susceptible pathogens in adults and adolescents from 14 years to treat mild to moderate bacterial infections. These include skin infections, ear, nose and throat infections (such as otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis) and infections of the bronchi andlung inflammation. Moreover propicillin can for prevention and treatment of scarlet fever or against rheumatic fever are used (bacterial infection of the nose and throat). Even with tooth or jaw surgery the drug is used to treat an endocarditis endocarditis prevent. Its mechanism of action could be due to binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, thus propicillin may inhibit the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis

CV-205502 (Quinagolide, Norprolac), a small molecule, dopamine 2-receptor agonist was developed by Novartis for the treatment of prolactinoma and hyperprolactinaemia. It is is a long-acting dopamine agonist with potent D2 and weak D1 activity. Quinagolide exists as a racemate and its relevant clinical activity is mediated predominantly by the (-) enantiomer. It is typically present in the hydrochloride salt form and is marketed as oral tablets under the brand name Norprolac contained as a racemate. Quinagolide is currently available in several countries including Canada, but not approved for treatment in the United States. Owing to its dopaminergic action, the drug exerts a strong inhibitory effect on the secretion of the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin, but does not reduce normal levels of other pituitary hormones. Long-term treatment with Norprolac was found to reduce the size or limit the growth of prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenomas. In some patients the reduction of prolactin secretion may be accompanied by short- lasting, small increases in plasma growth hormone levels, the clinical significance of which is unknown. As a specific inhibitor of prolactin secretion with a prolonged duration of action, Norprolac has been shown to be effective and suitable for once-a- day oral treatment of patients presenting with hyperprolactinaemia and its clinical manifestations such as galactorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, infertility and reduced libido.

Tritoqualine is an inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of histidine to histamine. Tritoqualine does not act on histamine receptors. It was marketed since 1960 for the treatment of allergic conditions and is available under tradename Hypostamine.

Derquantel is a so-called spiroindole, is obtained from fermentation extracts of Penicillium simplicissimum, a particular species of soil fungi. This drug is used in veterinary under brand name Startect, in combination with abamectin against several gastrointestinal roundworms that affect sheep. At the recommended therapeutic dose derquantel is highly effective against Haemonchus spp, Cooperia spp, and Trichostrongylus spp, including those resistant to most classic anthelmintics (benzimidazoles, levamisole, macrocyclic lactones). However it has a lower and variable efficacy against Ostertagia spp (= Teladorsagia), and is basically ineffective against Oesophagostomum spp and Trichuris spp, other important gastrointestinal worms of sheep. It is also ineffective against lungworms and other roundworms that infect sheep outside the gastrointestinal system. Derquantel is a nicotinic cholinergic antagonist: it blocks cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. The effect on the worms is that they are paralyzed and die or are expelled.

Picotamide (brand name Plactidil) is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. It works as a thromboxane synthase inhibitor and a thromboxane receptor inhibitor, the latter by modifying cellular responses to activation of the thromboxane receptor. Picotamide is licensed in Italy for the treatment of clinical arterial thrombosis and peripheral artery disease.

Bergapten, known as 5-methoxypsoralen, a cumarine-derivate compound, presents in many fruits and vegetables. It has shown antitumor effects in a variety of cell types. The key target of bergapten action in breast cancer cells was identified the oncosuppressor gene PTEN (phosphatase tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10); bergapten by inducing PTEN expression, produces autophagy in breast cancer cells. Besides, bergapten is under investigation in clinical trial phase III for patients with severe generalized atopic dermatitis.

Bietaserpine is a derivative of a Rauwolfia alkaloid reserpine. It was used as an antihypertensive agent and marketed in the 1960s in France and Italy. Bietaserpine is believed to act by inhibiting VMAT receptors.

Azidocillin is a narrow-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity towards Grain-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, including Haemophilus influenze, against which it is as effective as ampicillin. Azidocillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis. Azidocillin can be applied in the treatment of inflammation of upper airways, middle ear, sinuses, throat, larynx and palatine tonsils. The substance is excreted with urine in 50-70% in the unchan¬ged form. It binds to the blood plasma proteins in 84%, and its half-life period is 30 min. The side effects are similar as those of benzylpenicillin but occur less frequently.

MUZOLIMINE, a dichlorobenzene derivative, is a loop diuretic with slow effect and long lasting action. It was used for the treatment of hypertension but was withdrawn from the market because of severe neurological effects.