Piprofurol is a benzofuran chalcon derivative. It is a calcium channel blocker. Piprofurol inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the calcium-induced contractions in isolated potassium depolarized preparations of rat aorta and relaxed the K+-induced contraction of the dog coronary artery and the rabbit basilar artery. Piprofurol also inhibited noradrenaline-induced vascular smooth muscle contractions but the antagonism was clearly noncompetitive and the contractions induced were altered by concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than the concentration inhibiting calcium-induced contractions. Piprofurol exerts a negative inotropic effect on guinea-pig papillary muscle. These effects suggested a potentially anti-ischemic activity. This is confirmed in anaesthetized dogs, where piprofurol reduced the epicardial ST-segment elevation following coronary artery occlusion, and in isolated heart preparations, where it decreased the leakage of LDH during periods of anoxia and reoxygenation. Piprofurol is a coronary vasodilator and antihypertensive agent.

Xenbucin is an antihyperlipidemic agent. Information about the current use of this agent is not available.

Nictiazem, diltiazem derivative, is a calcium channel blocker. Calcium antagonists and compounds which lower intraocular pressure may be combined in ophthalmic compositions to treat glaucoma.

Axitirome (also known as CGS 26214), a thyroid hormone receptor β selective agonist and an LDL receptor function stimulant, has a cholesterol-lowering activity. This drug was in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, but studies were discontinued because of the unexpected side effects.

Fasiplon (RU 33203), an imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivative, is agonist of GABA(A) receptors at benzodiazepine binding site. It was in preclinical studies for the treatment of anxiety.

Calcimycin is an ionophore, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports calcium and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. Calcimycin has antibiotic properties against gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation (Canada) reported an innovative application of Calcimycin. "Inex" used Calcimycin as a molecular tool in order to make artificial liposomes loaded with anti-cancer drugs such as Topotecan. In in vitro fertilization (IVF) field, Ca Ionophore can be used in case of low fertilization rate after ICSI procedure, particularly with Globozoospermia (Round Head sperm syndrome), Ca Ionophore plays role in oocyte activation after ICSI. Recommended use is 0.5 microgram/ml twice for 10 min interrupted with fresh media with 30 min incubation, followed with regular injected eggs culture for IVF

Morpheridine is a pethidine analog with strong analgesic activity. Morpheridine does not cause convulsions, although it produces the standard opioid side effects such as sedation and respiratory depression. Morpheridine is not currently used in medicine and is a Schedule I drug which is controlled under United Nations drug conventions.

Neraminol is a beta-adrenergic blocker.

Phenylthilone is an anticonvulsant, hypnotic and spasmolytic agent.

AVN-944 is an IMPDH (inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase) inhibitor which is now being tested in phase I of clinical trials for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors and in phase II for pancreatic cancer (in combination with gemcitabine). The drug showed good inhibition of IMPDH isoforms I and II with Ki=6-10 nM.