Artenimol (dihydroartemisinin) is a derivate of antimalarial compound artemisinin. Artenimol (dihydroartemisinin) is able to reach high concentrations within the parasitized erythrocytes. Its endoperoxide bridge is thought to be essential for its antimalarial activity, causing free-radical damage to parasite membrane systems including: • Inhibition of falciparum sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, • Interference with mitochondrial electron transport • Interference with parasite transport proteins • Disruption of parasite mitochondrial function. Dihydroartemisinin in combination with piperaquine tetraphosphate (Eurartesim, EMA-approved in 2011) is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The formulation meets WHO recommendations, which advise combination treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria to reduce the risk of resistance development, with artemisinin-based preparations regarded as the ‘policy standard’. However, experimental testing demonstrates that, due to its intrinsic chemical instability, dihydroartemisinin is not suitable to be used in pharmaceutical formulations. In addition, data show that the currently available dihydroartemisinin preparations fail to meet the internationally accepted stability requirements.

Icosapent is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families. EPA can be used for lowering elevated triglycerides in those who are hyperglyceridemic. In addition, EPA may play a therapeutic role in patients with cystic fibrosis by reducing disease severity and may play a similar role in type 2 diabetics in slowing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Molybdenum-99 (99Mo, half-life = 66 h) is a parent radionuclide of a diagnostic nuclear isotope. It decays in technetium-99 m (half-life = 6 h), which is used in over 30 million procedures per year around the world. Between 95 and 98 percent of Mo-99 is currently being produced using highly enriched uranium (HEU) targets. Other medical isotopes such as iodine-131 (I-131) and xenon-133 (Xe-133) are by-products of the Mo-99 production process and will be sufficiently available if Mo-99 is available.

T-817 is a thiophenylalkyl derivative patented by Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. as a neuroprotectant for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. T-817MA protects neurons against amyloid-b peptide- and hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity and promoted neurite outgrowth in hippocampal slice cultures and neuronal reaggregation culture. T-817MA protected against nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity in cultured primary neurons. In a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease, T-817 increases decreased dopamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining in mice's substantia nigra (SNc) and striatum. Systemic administration of T-817 rescues tau-induced synaptic abnormalities.

α-Asarone is a phytochemical compound with neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anticonvulsive and cognitive enhancing action, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Acorus tatarinowii. Numerous clinical studies in China had indicated the effectiveness of α-asarone against respiratory disorders and epilepsy. Asarone tablets have been clinically used as bronchial asthma and bronchitis prescription drug in China. Unfortunately, toxic and genotoxic studies of a-asarone have indicated that this compound may pose a risk to human health, including embryotoxicity and maternal toxicity in rats, hepatotoxicity in rat-cultivated hepatocytes, and in vivo and in vitro genotoxic damage in mammalian cells.