Triplatin (BBR3464) is a tri-nuclear platinum complex developed by Boehringer Mannheim (now Roche). It is a new-generation platinum chemotherapeutic agent that exhibits cytotoxicity at ten to thousand times lower dose limit compared to the well-known platinum drug cisplatin, in cisplatin-sensitive as well as in cisplatin-resistant cells. DNA is thought to be the primary cellular target of BBR3464. Triplatin is a trinuclear, bifunctional DNA binding agent with an overall charge of 4+, in which the bridging between the two platinating units is made by the [{trans-Pt(NH3)2}m- {H2N(CH2)6NH2}2] linker. This bridging central unit does not contribute to coordinative DNA binding but incorporates into the linker backbone a charge and hydrogen-bonding capacity which dramatically increase the DNA affinity, affect the charge/lipophilicity balance, and further increase the distance between the two Pt–DNA-binding coordination spheres. The predominant DNA adducts of Triplatin are long-range {Pt,Pt} cross-links (CLs) distinctly different from short-range CLs of cisplatin and its mononuclear derivatives. Preclinical studies demonstrated activity in cisplatin-resistant tumours and tumours with mutated p53 status. Phase I & II clinical studies gave preliminary indications of activity in melanoma, pancreatic, lung and ovarian cancers. Triplatin underwent Phase I and II human clinical trials but has not advanced to full use. However, development appears to have been discontinued.

Dibrospidium (Spyrobromin) is a dispirotripiperazine derivative and alkylating agent with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. The duration of DNA synthesis inhibition in tumor cells was found to correlate with spirobromine antitumor activity. Spirobromin is superior to prospidin by the power of the anti-inflammatory effect. Spyrobromin can diminish the latent period of the development of tumours in the experimental rats at intraperitoneal administration. At intragastric administration of the drug no decrease was noted in the latent period and no increase of tumours was observed in the experimental groups of the animals as compared with control. Dibrospidium has been examined for the treatment of bone cancer. The oral route of administration is the most safe with respect to the oncogenic risk. It was noted that spirobromin exerted the most pronounced toxic action on erythrocytes. Dibrospidium is used for the treatment of acute leukemias (mainly in combination therapy), malignant lymphomas, laryngeal cancer and skin reticulosis.

Luminespib (NVP-AUY922) is a highly potent isoxazole-based, nongeldanamycin HSP90 inhibitor that inhibits the adenosine triphosphatase activity of HSP90. Luminespib is a highly potent HSP90 inhibitor for HSP90α/β with IC50 of 13 nM /21 nM in cell-free assays, weaker potency against the HSP90 family members GRP94 and TRAP-1, exhibits the tightest binding of any small-molecule HSP90 ligand. Luminespib potently inhibited in vitro growth in all 41 NSCLC cell lines evaluated with IC50 less than 100 nM. IC100 value less than 40 nM was seen in 36 of 41 lines. Luminespib (NVP-AUY922) has greater potency, reduced hepatotoxicity, and lower dependence on DT-diaphorase than the first-generation HSP90 inhibitors. Luminespib was discovered in a multiparameter lead optimization program based on a high-throughput screening hit methodology developed jointly by The Institute of Cancer Research, UK and the pharmaceutical company Vernalis. It has been licensed to Novartis. Luminespib activity is independent of NQO1/DT-diaphorase, maintained in drug-resistant cells and under hypoxic conditions. The molecular signature of HSP90 inhibition, comprising induced HSP72 and depleted client proteins, was readily demonstrable. Pre-clinical studies proved that Luminespib acts via several processes (cytostasis, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis) to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. These results helped Luminespib to enter clinical trials for various cancers including breast cancers. From 2011 to 2014 it was in Phase II clinical trials.

BGT 226 is an orally available, small molecule, the dual inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphatidylinositol 3'kinase (PI3K), developed by Novartis for the treatment of solid tumors, including advanced breast cancer. A phase I/II trial was completed in the US, Canada, and Spain, and a phase I trial was completed in Japan. However, development appears to have been discontinued.

AstraZeneca and BIND Therapeutics (formerly BIND Biosciences) are collaborating to develop AZD-1152HQPA (AZD2811) for the treatment of cancer. AZD2811, a novel, selective inhibitor of Aurora B kinase that has been shown to be active in both solid and hematological tumors in preclinical models, is the second Accurin candidate to enter clinical development. AZD1152-HQPA is a highly selective Aurora B inhibitor with IC50 of 0.37 nM in a cell-free assay. AZD1152-HQPA inhibited the proliferation of AML lines (HL-60, NB4, MOLM13), ALL line (PALL-2), biphenotypic leukemia (MV4-11), acute eosinophilic leukemia (EOL-1), and the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells with an IC50 ranging from 3 nM to 40 nM. The phase 1 trial is enrolling patients with advanced solid tumors, including patients with small cell lung cancer, and is being conducted by AstraZeneca under the companies’ 2013 collaboration agreement with BIND managing all chemistry, manufacturing and control activities.

Aftobetin, also known as ANCA11 and NCE-11, is a novel amyloid–binding compound applied topically in the form of an ophthalmic ointment. Aftobetin offers a promising way for a noninvasive eye-scan to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease early.

PF-03654764 binds with high affinity to the human H3 receptor and with lower affinity to the rat H3 receptor, in addition to having >1000-fold selectivity versus other human histamine receptor subtypes (H1, H2, and H4). PF-03654764 displayed potent antagonist properties in functional assays measuring cAMP utilizing a reporter gene assay (β-lactamase) in HEK293 cells stably expressing full length human or rat H3 receptors. In human hepatic microsomes, PF-03654764 was metabolically stable and were predicted to have low clearance. It has low potential to inhibit activities of CYP 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4. PF-03654764 + fexofenadine failed to provide superior relief of allergic rhinitis-associated nasal symptoms upon exposure to ragweed pollen compared to fexofenadine + pseudoephedrine. Side effects in the PF-03654764-treated groups were clinically significant compared to the controls. PF-03654764 had been in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and in phase I clinical trial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, these investigations were discontinued.

Panulisib (P7170) was developed as a small molecule inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mTOR with potential anticancer activity. It is known that mTOR pathway is often upregulated in cancer and thus intensively pursued as a target to design novel anticancer therapies. P7170 were being tested in phase I clinical studies in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity of the drug. However, this study is suspended because of the sponsor’s decision.

Clevudine F18 is a radioconjugate comprised of the synthetic pyrimidine analog clevudine (1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine, d-FMAU) labeled with the radioisotope fluorine F18. Upon administration, fluorine F18 clevudine is distributed and taken up by cells based on the rate of the cell’s DNA synthesis. The amount is then measured using positron emission tomography (PET). The compound is investigated as an imaging agent in prostate, breast cancers, and other malignant neoplasms.

Ore Pharmaceuticals developed ORE1001 previously known as MLN-4760 as an orally administered, small molecule compound, for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. ORE1001 is a specific angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor. It was shown that ORE1001 markedly decreased tissue myeloperoxidase activity, a well-known marker of inflammation. As a result, ORE1001 was studied as a treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. ORE1001 was involved in phase I clinical trial to investigate its safety and activity in subjects with ulcerative colitis. In addition, the drug was studied for NSAID-induced ulcer and obesity. However, all these studies were discontinued.