5F-DF-203-L-LYSINAMIDE (Phortress) is an experimental antitumor agent with potent and selective activity against human-derived carcinomas of breast, ovarian and renal origin. The mechanism of action of Phortress is distinct from all classes of chemotherapeutic agents currently in the clinic, and involves metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 to electrophilic species, which generate DNA adducts in sensitive tumors only. Phortress is in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumours. The compound was co-developed by Pharminox, University of Nottingham and Cancer Research UK.

Ginsenoside Rb3 is a protopanaxadiol ginsenoside that can be isolated from several different Panax species. Ginsenoside Rb3 exerts antidepressant and antidiabetic activities as well as cardio- and neroprotective action in ischemic tissue injury in animal models. Ginsenoside Rb3 inhibits apoptosis and cell proliferation, in addition it demonstrates antiaxidant properties. Ginsenoside Rb3 may modulate activity of GABA-A and NMDA receptors.

Methyl chlorogenate, an antioxidant flavonoid, exhibited strong activity against HDAC8 and the high affinity to trichostatin A binding site. Methyl chlorogenate showed specific cytotoxicity against certain types of tested cancer cell lines such as Hep2 and MCF7. Methyl chlorogenate may inhibit NFkappaB activation, exhibiting its ability to downregulate the NFkappaB-dependent gene expression. Thus, it can be expected that Methyl chlorogenate may have potential for therapeutic intervention on various NFkappaB-dependent pathological conditions such as inflammatory or possibly mutagenic processes. Methyl chlorogenate has demonstrated antioxidant activity.

Desacetoxymatricarin is a sesquiterpene lactone found in the genus Artemisia and in the form of 8-hydroxy and acetoxy derivatives in the genus Achillea. The formation of desacetoxymatricarin from (+)-costunolide probably involves more than one enzyme, including a cytochrome P450 enzyme. It is a potent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibitor. Desacetoxymatricarin showed the highest anti-hypercholesterolemic potential. Oligvon, a preparation containing desacetoxymatricarin, is used to prevent and treat artherosclerosis.

Isovitexin (apigenin-6-C-glucoside), an isomer of vitexin, is found in plants such as pigeon pea, Passiflora, bamboo, mimosa, wheat leaves, rice hull of Oryza sativa and others. Isovitexin is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The highest level of intravenously administrated isovitexin was examined in kidney, liver, lung, and lowest in the brain. Isovitexin helps to stimulate apoptotic cell death and autophagy of various cancer cells through the upstream regulation of Bax, PARP, p-JNK, and MAPK and the downstream regulation of the caspases Bcl-2 and ERK1/2. Isovitexin has been proved to have various activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's disease and others.

Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus. It is often found in food. Citrinin is nephrotoxic agent. Inhibition of RNA (predominantly rRNA) and DNA synthesis by citrinin has been reported in different mammalian cell lines including kidney cells. The induction of oxidative stress has also been proposed to account for citrinin toxicity. Citrinin inhibits immune response – it inhibits lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-induced nitric oxide production in glomerular mesangial cells. Citrinin induced apoptosis in human colon cancer and promyelocytic leukemia cell lines.