Diammonium carbonate is a salt with the chemical formula (NH4)2CO3. Since it readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and also as smelling salt. Ammonium carbonate may be used as a leavening agent in traditional recipes, particularly those from northern Europe and Scandinavia (e.g. Speculoos, Tunnbröd or Lebkuchen). It also serves as an acidity regulator and has the E number E503. Ammonium carbonate is the main component of smelling salts, although the commercial scale of their production is small. Buckley's cough syrup from Canada today uses ammonium carbonate as an active ingredient intended to help relieve symptoms of bronchitis. Ammonium carbonate is also used as an emetic.

Potash (Dihydroxyaluminum Sodium Carbonate), a component of Kompensan-S Forte in Germany, is a basic inorganic salt that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. Kompensan-S Forte is slowly solubilized in the stomach and reacts with hydrochloric acid to form aluminum chloride and water. It also inhibits the action of pepsin by increasing the pH and via adsorption. Cytoprotective effects may occur through increases in bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and prostaglandins.

Indisulam (also known as E7070) is a sulfonamide derivative patented by Japanese pharmaceutical company Eisai Co. as antitumor agent. Indisulam inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), which regulate cell cycle progression and are usually over-expressed in cancerous cells. Inhibition of CDK results in G1/S phase arrest of the cell cycle, and may lead to induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Preclinical and clinical studies have established the synergy of indisulam with nucleoside analogs as well as topoisomerase inhibitors. These combinations were tolerated with acceptable toxicities, including diarrhea, vomiting, and myelosuppression. In Phase II clinical trials Combination of indisulam with DNA‐damaging agent (idarubicin) and nucleoside analog (cytarabine) in patients with relapsed and refractory AML is effective and largely well tolerated.

Protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, PCA) is a simple phenolic acid. It is found in a large variety of edible plants and possesses various pharmacological activities. This bioactive compound is famous for its biological properties and pharmacological activities such as: antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antiaging, antifibrotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiatherosclerotic, cardiac, hepatoprotective, neurological and nephroprotective. The neuroprotective effects of PCA, extracted from Alpinia oxyphylla, on H2O2 resulted in apoptosis and oxidative stress in cultured PC12 cells. Apoptotic cell death by H2O2 was dose-dependent. Enhanced effect of PCA on protecting PC12 cells against apoptosis, augmented glutathione (GSH) level and an increase in catalytic activity was investigated by flow cytometric analysis. In cytotoxic assays, PCA causes cell death in HepG2 cancerous cell line of liver showing that PCA stimulates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 subgroups of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Treatment with PCA decreased OVA-induced airway hyper-responsiveness to inhaled methacholine. Cell inflammation and mucus hypersecretion was also decreased by PCA. Thus, PCA can be useful for treating asthma. Experimental studies strongly support the role of protocatechuic acid in the prevention of neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, due to its favorable influence on processes underlying cognitive and behavioral impairment, namely accumulation of the β-amyloid plaques in brain tissues, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons, excessive formation of reactive oxygen species and neuroinflammation.

U-104 is an inhibitor of CA IX that binds only to CA IX under hypoxic conditions in vivo. The binding results in significant inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis formation in both spontaneous and experimental models of metastasis. U-104 reduces the medium acidity by inhibiting the catalytic activity of the CA IX. It binds specifically only to hypoxic cells expressing CA IX.

5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol is a thiadiazole derivative with antibacterial activity used in the preparation of herbicides as well as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.