Adelmidrol is the synthetic derivate of azelaic acid, a naturally occurring saturated dicarboxylic acid, that is found in some whole grains and in trace amounts in the human body. Chemically, ademidrol is the N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) non anediamide and it is an amphiphilic or amphipathic compound, possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, that favor its solubility both in aqueous and organic media. Adelmidrol belongs to the aliamide family, a group of fatty acid derivatives with cannabimimetic properties, able to control mast cell (MC) hyperreactivity in several pathophysiological and pathological conditions. Pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway were markedly reduced by treatment with adelmidrol. The anti-inflammatory effect of adelmidrol appeared to be related on PPAR-gamma activation. Adelmidrol is topically effective for human inflammatory skin disorders and is able to modulate the inflammatory response in human keratinocytes. The combination of hyaluronic acid and adelmidrol improves the signs of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate.

Levophacetoperane is a piperidine derivative. Levofacetoperane is a sympathomimetic central nervous system stimulant and is commonly used to treat depression. Levophacetoperane is also a known analeptic and is strongly linked to apnea reversal in dogs after a single intravenous injection.

Ciclactate is cyclohexanol derivative patented by N. V. Koninklijke Pharmaceutische Fabrieken Voorheen Brocades-Stheeman & Pharmacia as spasmolytics and blood vessel dilator. Ciclactate has never been marketed in the US and EU.

Dacopafant (R-enantiomer RP 55778, racemate RP 48740) is an antagonist fo a platelet-activating factor and an inhibitor of TNH-alpha synthesis. It was developed by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer (France, now Aventis). In vitro, treatment of HIV-1 infected monocyte-derived macrophages with dacopafant resulted in a significant decrease in TNF-alpha levels and viral production. RP 48740 inhibited [3H]PAF platelet binding with IC50 of 2.3 uM and antagonized PAF-induced platelet activation with IC50 of 16 uM. In a clinical trial on human volunteers, RP 48740 was well tolerated and inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation by as much as 79% 6 hr after administration.

Lorapride is a centrally acting sulfonamide. It has pharmacodynamic properties that are mainly related to ulcer treatment. On the basis of its psychopharmacologic profile, it has no neuroleptic potential, but it does exhibit some psychostimulating components. After oral administration, absorption of lorapride was rapid. The rate of absorption was first order for solution and zero order for capsule.

Elopiprazole [DU 29894 or 1-(7-benzofuranyl)-4-[[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-H-pyrrol-2yl]methyl]piperazine) is an antagonist at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and an agonist at serotonin1A receptors. Elopiprazole development for the treatment of psychotic disorders has been discontinued.

Pyroxamine (also known as AHR 224) is benzhydryl ethers of 3-pyrrolidinol patented by A. H. Robins Co., Inc. as antihistamine with bronchodilation activity. In preclinical studies, Pyroxamine shows moderate inhibition of histamine-induced ulceration in guinea pigs

Cyclobutoic acid is a synthetic analog of mevalonic acid, developed by the Italian company Farmitalia Carlo Erba SPA. The compound inhibited the incorporation of [14C] into CO2, fatty acids and cholesterol, and was used for the treatment of hepatic deficiency.

Bromadoline is a selective agonist of a μ-opioid receptor with potent analgesic activity developed by the Upjohn company in the 1970s for pain management.

Flurantel is an anthelmintic agent. Information about the current use of this compound is not available.