Piperaquine is a bisquinoline antimalarial drug that was first synthesized in the 1960s and used extensively in China and Indochina as prophylaxis and treatment during the next 20 years. Usage declined in the 1980s as piperaquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum arose and artemisinin-based antimalarials became available. However, during the next decade, piperaquine was rediscovered by Chinese scientists as one of a number of compounds suitable for combination with an artemisinin derivative. The rationale for such artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) was to provide an inexpensive, short-course treatment regimen with a high cure rate and good tolerability that would reduce transmission and protect against the development of parasite resistance. Piperaquine is characterized by slow absorption and a long biological half-life, making it a good partner drug with artemisinin derivatives which are fast acting but have a short biological half-life.

Cloxazolam is an agonist of GABA-A receptor that was developed in Japan for the treatment of anxiety-disorders. The drug was marketed in Europe under the names Sepazon, Olcadil, Akton and Lubalix.

Citiolone (N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone) is an antioxidant drug used in the treatment of liver diseases.

Spaglumic acid (NAAG) is the β-aspartyl isoform of N-Acetyl-l-aspartylglutamate (isospaglumic Acid is N-(N-Acetyl-l-α-aspartyl)-l-glutamic acid). In eye drops, spaglumic acid is either a magnesium or sodium salt of N-Acetyl-l-aspartylglutamate. Spaglumic acid is a mast cell stabilizer. Thus it is used in allergic conditions such as allergic conjunctivitis. Specifically spaglumic acid is approved in Portugal under the brand name Naabak and in Greece under the brand name Naaxia for use in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Spaglumic Acid is a peptide neurotransmitter and the third-most-prevalent neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. It is a weak activator of NMDA receptors and a highly selective agonist for mGlu3 receptors. Spaglumic Acid is neuroprotective under non-hydrolysing conditions in vivo.

Sarpogrelate (brand name Anplag; former developmental code names MCI-9042, LS-187,118) is a drug which acts as an antagonist at the 5HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. It blocks serotonin-induced platelet aggregation and has applications in the treatment of many diseases including diabetes mellitus, Buerger's disease, Raynaud's disease, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, and atherosclerosis.

Vaniprevir (MK-7009) is an non-covalent competitive macrocyclic inhibitor of Hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease genotype 1a and 1b proteases at subnanomolar concentrations with modestly shifted potency against genotype 2a and 2b proteases at low nanomolar concentrations. Merck & Co. developed vaniprevir in combination with standard therapy for the twice-daily treatment of hepatitis C virus infections. The product has been launched in Japan under name VANIHEP, and Merck reported in its 2014 annual report that the product will only be available in this region.

Butoctamide (Butoctamide hydrogen succinate, BAHS), which is related to an organic compound naturally occurring in CSF, has been demonstrated to increase REM sleep in cats and young adults. BAHS was confirmed also to increase REM sleep in healthy aged subjects. The drug is marketed under the brand named Listomin S in Japan. It is effective against insomnia and other sleep disorders.

cis-Dosulepin is a stereoisomer of Dothiepin (trade name Prothiaden, Dothep, Thaden, and Dopress; Dosulepin (INN, BAN) a tricyclic antidepressant that is used in several European and South Asian countries, as well as Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. Dosulepin is used for the treatment of the major depressive disorder and neuropathic pain. Dosulepin is only Therapeutic Goods Administration and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency approved for the treatment of the major depressive disorder. Dothiepin is not used in the United States. The central action of cis-dosulepin was compared with that of its antidepressant stereoisomer trans-dosulepin, cis-dosulepin exerted weaker anti-reserpine, anti-tetrabenazine, and 3H-5-HT (serotonin) uptake inhibiting actions than trans-dosulepin, but cis-dosulepin's inhibition of 3H-dopamine and 3H-norepinephrine uptake was slightly more potent than that of trans-dosulepin. On the other hand, cis-dosulepin exhibited extremely potent anticholinergic action in oxotremorine induced tremor, isolated ileum and the 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding test. It also showed potent apomorphine enhancing the action and shortened the period of immobility in the forced swimming test in animals.

Clobenzorex is a central stimulant and sympathomimetic used as an anti-obesity drug; an n-substituted amphetamine, which is metabolized to amphethamine. Its actions are like those of dexamphetamine and has been used as a drug of abuse.

Mebeverine is an antispasmodic with a direct action on the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. The exact mechanism of action is not known, but multiple mechanisms, such as a decrease in ion channel permeabilities, blockade of noradrenaline reuptake, a local anesthetic effects, as well as weak anti-muscarinic and phosphodiesterase inhibitory effect might contribute to the local effects of Mebeverine. This medicine is used to treat symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and similar problems such as chronic irritable colon, spastic constipation, mucous colitis and spastic colitis. Most people will not have problems with Mebeverine, but some may get some side effects, such as: difficulty in breathing, swelling of face, neck, tongue or throat, skin rash, red itchy skin.