Naphthalene is a crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon usually obtained by distillation of coal tar. Once used as a moth repellent, it is now important as a reactant in the production of phthalic anhydride, which in turn is used for making plasticizers, alkyd resins, and polyester resins. Other fumigant uses of naphthalene include use in soil as a fumigant pesticide, and in attic spaces to repel animals. In the past, naphthalene was administered orally to kill parasitic worms in livestock. In humans, exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy red blood cells. Humans, particularly children, have developed this condition after ingesting mothballs or deodorant blocks containing naphthalene. Some of the symptoms of naphthalene poisoning are fatigue, lack of appetite, restlessness, and pale skin. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may also cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in the urine, and jaundice (yellow coloration of the skin).

Flutrimazole (trade names Flusporan, Funcenal, Micetal, Topiderm) is an imidazole derivative, a wide-spectrum antifungal drug used for the topical treatment of superficial mycoses of the skin. Flutrimazole interferes with the synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme lanosterol 14 α-demethylase. Flutrimazole’s antifungal activity has been demonstrated in in vivo and in vitro studies to be comparable to that of clotrimazole and higher than bifonazole. During clinical trials the incidence of adverse reactions in relation to the use of Flutrimazole skin cream was 8%, being the most frequent those described as slight burning, irritation, itching, and erythema in the area of application.

Imidafenacin (KRP-197/ONO-8025) is the latest antimuscarinic (AM) developed for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and, at the moment, it is marketed only in Japan. It has high affinities for the M3 and M1 muscarinic receptor subtypes, a low affinity for M2 receptors, and a potent inhibitory activity against rhythmic bladder contractions. Imidafenacin has excellent efficacy, tolerability, and safety. It is indicated for patients with nocturia, nocturnal polyuria, and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Carpronium chloride is a hair growth reagent with a vasodilatory action. In vivo studies indicated that carpronium chloride achieved dilatation of vascular smooth muscle in the microcirculation of rats. FUROZIN SOLUTION 5% (active ingredient Carpronium chloride) has local vasodilating effect and hair growth stimulatory effect to improve alopecia and vitiligo. It is usually used for the prevention of hair loss, for hair growth stimulation, and in the treatment of seborrhea sicca and vitiligo vulgaris.

Butropium Bromide is an anticholinergic and an antispasmodic. It is a Muscarinic receptor antagonist. The drug is used for remission of spasmodic pain in the following diseases: gastritis, enteritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, cholelithiasis and cholecystopathy (including cholecystitis, and cholecystic and biliary dyskinesia). It is marketed in Japan under the brand name Coliopan.

Bisdequalinium (also known as R-199, trade name Solvidont) is an antibacterial agent for endodontic use. Bisdequalinium was available in three dispensing forms: an irrigation solution, a working solution, and a medication paste. They contained 0.125 %, 0.5 %, and 0.48 % Bisdequalinium respectively. The low cytotoxicity and high antimicrobial effects, detergent, and lubricating and chelating properties, all claimed in the manufacturer's brochure, make this material an appropriate candidate for clinical endodontic use.

BENZPYRINIUM is a cholinergic drug used for prevention of postoperative intestinal atony, postoperative abdominal distention and urinary retention, or for treatment of postoperative distention.

Hypericin (4,5,7,4',5',7'-hexahydroxy-2,2'-dimethylnaphtodianthrone) is a naturally occurring chromophore found in some species of the genus Hypericum, especially Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort), and in some basidiomycetes (Dermocybe spp.) or endophytic fungi (Thielavia subthermophila). Among its antidepressant and light-dependent antiviral actions, hypericin is a powerful natural photosensitizer that is applicable in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of various oncological diseases. Hypericin may act as an inhibitor of enzymes such as MAO (monoaminoxidase), PKC (protein kinase C), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase and CYP (cytochrome P450), has yielded results supporting therapeutic potential. Research of hypericin and its effect on GABA-activated (gamma amino butyric acid) currents and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartat) receptors also indicate the therapeutic potential of this substance whereby new insights in stroke research (apoplexy) are expected. Topical SGX301 (synthetic hypericin as a potent photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy) is in phase 3 for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Pizotifen (INN) or pizotyline (USAN), trade name Sandomigran, is a benzocycloheptene-based drug used as a medicine, primarily as a preventative to reduce the frequency of recurrent migraine headaches. Pizotifen is a serotonin antagonist acting mainly at the 5-HT2A and 5HT2C receptors. It also has some activity as an antihistamine as well as some anticholinergic activity. The main medical use for pizotifen is for the prevention of vascular headache including migraine and cluster headache. Pizotifen is one of a range of medications used for this purpose, other options include propranolol, topiramate, valproic acid and amitriptyline. While pizotifen is reasonably effective, its use is limited by side effects, principally drowsiness and weight gain, and it is usually not the first choice medicine for preventing migraines, instead being used as an alternative when other drugs have failed to be effective. It is not effective in relieving migraine attacks once in progress. Pizotifen has also been reported as highly effective in a severe case of erythromelalgia, a rare neurovascular disease that is sometimes refractory to the other drugs named above. Side effects include sedation, dry mouth, drowsiness, increased appetite and weight gain. Occasionally it may cause nausea, headaches, or dizziness. In rare cases, anxiety, aggression and depression may also occur. Pizotifen is well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 5 hours after oral administration. The absorption of pizotifen is fast (absorption half life 0.5 to 0.8 hours) and nearly complete (80%). Over 90% is bound to plasma proteins. Pizotifen undergoes extensive metabolism. Over half of a dose is excreted in the urine, chiefly as metabolites; a significant proportion is excreted in the faeces. The primary metabolite of pizotifen (N-glucuronide conjugate) has a long elimination half-life of about 23 hours.

Acetylspiramycin for spiramycin acetylated derivatives, belonging to 16 membered ring macrolide. It is suitable for sensitive Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae induced by mild to moderate infections, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, periodontitis, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, non-gonococcal urethritis, skin and soft tissue infection, can be used for the selection of drugs for cryptosporidiosis, or as a treatment for pregnancy women of toxoplasmosis. The mechanism for Acetylspiramycin combined with sensitive microbial 50S ribosomal subunit, RNA dependent inhibition of protein synthesis and bacteriostasis.