Glymidine (Glycodiazine ) is a hypoglycaemic agent which has been introduced as a possible alternative to the sulphonylurea as and biguanides for the oral treatment of diabetes mellitus. It is one of a group of lipid soluble sulphapyrimidine derivatives synthesized by Gutsche et al. and bears some structural resemlance to tolbutamide. Its mode of action is similar to that of the sulphonylureas in that it appears to stimulate insulin release from the pancreas. Glycodiazine likely binds to ATP-sensitive potassium channel receptors on the pancreatic cell surface, reducing potassium conductance and causing depolarization of the membrane. Membrane depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels. This increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration induces the secretion of insulin. It is used for the concomitant use with insulin for the treatment of noninsulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. Glycodiazine is used concomitantly with insulin for the treatment of noninsulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus.

Vinglycinate is a derivative of anticancer drug vinblastine. Vinglycinate was first synthesized in the 1960s and was demonstrated to be a safer alternative to other vinca alkaloids while maintaining comparable activity for the treatment of leukemia in vivo. In clinical trials, administration of vinglycinate resulted in a beneficial response in Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, and chondrosarcoma. However, to achieve response rates similar to vinblastine, 10-fold higher dose was required, thus making treatment economically unfeasible.

Cefsulodin is a third-generation of cephalosporin antibiotic with a narrow spectrum of activity. It has a specific activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefsulodin’s targets are bacterial penicillin binding proteins. Drug is indicated for the treatment of infections of lower respiratory tract, skin and skin structures, urinary tract, bone and joint; treatment of gynecological infections; treatment of intra-abdominal infections; treatment of septicemia and CNS infections including meningitis caused by susceptible strains of specific microorganisms. Cefsulodin appears to be well tolerated and relatively free of any significant toxicity except for nausea and vomiting.

Etilefrine is a cardiac stimulant used as an antihypotensive. Intravenous infusion of this compound increases cardiac output, stroke volume, venous return and blood pressure in man and experimental animals, suggesting stimulation of both α and β adrenergic receptors. However, in vitro studies indicate that etilefrine has a much higher affinity for β1 (cardiac) than for β2 adrenoreceptors. Intravenous etilefrine increases the pulse rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure of healthy individuals. Marked falls in pulse rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and peripheral bloodflow, accompanied by rises in mean arterial pressure, occur when etilefrine is infused after administration of intravenous propranolol 2,5 mg. These findings indicate that etilefrine has both β1 and α1 adrenergic effects in man. The French Health Products Agency concluded that etilefrine and heptaminol have an unfavourable harm-benefit balance, and also placed restrictions on the use of midodrine.

Iofetamine is a diagnostic compound that was used for brain-imaging. Iofetamine may cause different adverse reactions such as increase in systolic blood pressure by about 10 mm Hg, dizziness, hearing loss and allergy.

Taurocholic acid is a bile acid and is the product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. Taurocholic acid, as with all bile acids, acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic (a bile purging agent). Hydrolysis of taurocholic acid yields taurine, a nonessential amino acid. Taurocholic acid is one of the main components of urinary nonsulfated bile acids in biliary atresia. Raised levels of the bile acid taurocholate in the fetal serum in obstetric cholestasis may result in the development of a fetal dysrhythmia and in sudden intra-uterine death. In medical use, it is administered as a cholagogue and choleretic. Taurocholic acid is a potent TGR5 ligand, and in dogs, colonic perfusion with TCA induces PYY secretion. TCA enemas could stimulate GLP-1 and PYY secretion in obese patients with type 2 diabetes receiving the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, sitagliptin. Satiogen Pharmaceuticals is developing rectally administered taurocholic acid, a bile acid, for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Bisantrene was classed as an anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent. It inhibits replication, kills tumor cells in clonogenic assays, and intercalates with DNA, where it inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis. Bisantrene preferentially binds to A-T rich regions of DNA, where it effects changes to supercoiling and initiates strand breaks in association with DNA-associated proteins. This results from the inhibition of the enzyme topoisomerase II, which relaxes DNA coiling during replication and transcription. Toxicity studies in dogs and monkeys revealed that leukopenia, anorexia, diarrhea injection site necrosis, enterocolitis, muscle degeneration, and pulmonary edema were observed with high doses. Bisantrene was found to have less associated cardiotoxicity than other anthracenes. The existing data for bisantrene clearly demonstrated activity in acute myeloid leukemia, and in other indications including lymphoma, refractory breast cancer, and ovarian cancer.

Naftidrofuryl (INN), also known as nafronyl or as the oxalate salt naftidrofuryl oxalate or nafronyl oxalate, is a vasodilator used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. The drug act as a selective antagonist of 5-HT2 receptors. Naftidrofuryl is marketed under a variety of trade names, including Artocoron, Azunaftil, Di-Actane, Dusodril, Enelbin, Frilix, Gevatran, Iridus, Iridux, Luctor, Nafti, Naftoling, Naftodril, Nafoxal, Praxilene, Sodipryl retard, and Vascuprax. Praxilene belongs to a group of medicines known as ‘metabolic activators’. These are used to treat different types of blood circulation problems. Praxilene allows the body to make better use of the oxygen in your blood. Praxilene is used to treat the following symptoms: cramp-like pains; cramps in legs at night; severe pain in r legs when people are resting (rest pain); pale or blue fingers or toes which get worse when it is cold; numbness, tingling or burning feelings in the fingers or toes (Raynaud’s syndrome or acrocyanosis); open sores on the legs or feet (trophic ulcers); poor circulation caused by diabetes (diabetic arteriopathy).

Benapryzine is a dialkylaminoethanol ester of diphenylacetic acid. It is a muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist with negligible peripheral effects. Benapryzine in addition to its anti-acetylcholine action antagonizes both maximal electroshock and metrazol-induced convulsions in mice. This feature is not generally shown by anti-acetylcholine agents but is seen with orphenadrine. Side effects of benapryzine were rare. They are: drowsiness, dry mouth, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations and postural syncope with measurable postural hypotension. Benapryzine has been used as an antiparkinsonian agent.