CHLORAL HYDRATE ANTIPYRINE is a 1:1 mixture of antipyrine with chloral hydrate. It was used as a hypnotic drug known as HYPNAL in the late 19th century.

Cibenzoline is a class I sodium channel blocker antiarrhythmic drug available in a limited number of countries. Cibenzoline also has moderate calcium channel blocking (class IV) effects and prolongs the action potential duration through its potassium channel blocking (class III) effect. It is used for the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, and in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Bevonium is a parasympatolytic antimuscarinic compound. It possesses spasmolytic properties. The use of the drug is discontinued.

Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate is a Potassium salt used in photography, marble grinding, and in metal polishing. Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate is strongly irritating to eyes, mucous and gastrointestinal tract. Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate may cause cardiac failure and death after oral administration

Dihexyverine (Metaspas, Spasmodex) is an anticholinergic and direct smooth muscle relaxant (spasmolytic). Dihexyverine is sold in France under the brand name Spasmodex. It is indicated for the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract disorders. Dihexyverine is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.

Diisopromine, a spasmolytic and a choleretic, in combination with sorbitol was marketed under the brand name Agofell. Agofell is prescribed for the biliary stasis and biliary insufficiency, hypotonia of the gall bladder, spasm of the biliary duct and of the sphincter of Oddi, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, post cholecystotomy syndrome.

Dilevalol, the RR-stereoisomer of labetalol, is a non-cardioselective β-adrenoceptor antagonist with substantial partial β2-agonist and negligible α1-blocking activity. Reduction in blood pressure during dilevalol administration is associated with peripheral vasodilatation, and heart rate remains essentially unchanged. Following oral administration, dilevalol is completely absorbed. Once-daily administration is possible, due to a long elimination half-life. In vitro and in vivo animal studies and results obtained in humans reveal that dilevalol is a nonselective blocker of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors, with a similar potency to propranolol, but has negligible antagonistic activity at α1-receptors. Dilevalol, the R,R′ stereoisomer, makes up 25% of racemic labetalol, the drug, approved by FDA for the treatment of hypertension. The relaxing potency of dilevalol was approximately 4.7 times more potent than that of labetalol. Dilevalol markedly reduced the diastolic blood pressure with only a slight increase of heart rate In pithed rats, while isoproterenol and pindolol caused moderate to marked positive chronotropic effects in proportion to their hypotensive effects. These results suggest that dilevalol has more potent ISA than labetalol. In contrast to labetalol, dilevalol possesses little, if any, alpha-adrenergic blocking activity. The compound is 3 to 10 times less potent than labetalol at α1-adrenergic receptors under a variety of experimental conditions. Moreover, it is 300- to 1000-fold less potent at alpha1-adrenergic receptors compared with β1-adrenergic receptors. The pA2 values for dilevalol as an α antagonist range from 5.9 to 6.4. Because maximal plasma concentrations of the drug after administration of a 400-mg dose are approximately 0.5 pmol, it is doubtful that alpha blockade is involved in the antihypertensive response to dilevalol in humans.

Butalamine hydrochloride under the brand name Adrevil forte is an effective drug for the treatment of patients suffering from blood flow disorders of the lower extremities.

Gentamicin is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, is derived from the growth of Micromonospora purpurea, an actinomycete. Gentamicin is a complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1a that have different patterns of methylation at the 69 position of the ring. Gentamicin C1a is a broad-spectrum antibiotic against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but may cause ear and kidney damage. Gentamicin C1a binds to the A-site RNA of the 30S bacterial ribosomal subunit. Adverse reactions include adverse renal effects, neurotoxicity (dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, roaring in the ears, hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy or encephalopathy), respiratory depression, lethargy, confusion, depression, visual disturbances, etc.