p-Butylaminobenzoyldiethylaminoethyl hydrochloride (T-cain) was the most frequently used local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia in Japan in the 1940s–1960s. The market for spinally administered T-cain is almost ended. T-cain is still used for topical/infiltrative anesthesia in some specialties. T-cain may also be used as an alternative in patients who are allergic to lidocaine or bupivacaine. The side effects reported for spinal use of Neo Percamin S (T-cain with dibucaine) were hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory arrest, and allergy.

Tilorone (trade names Amixin, Lavomax and others) is the first recognized synthetic, small molecular weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer. Tilorone induces the formation of interferons (alpha, beta, gamma) by intestinal epithelial cells, hepatocytes, T-lymphocytes, and granulocytes. After ingestion, the maximum production of interferon is determined in the sequence of the intestine - liver - blood after 4-24 hours. Activates the stem cells of the bone marrow, stimulates humoral immunity, increases the production of IgM, IgA, IgG, affects the antibody formation, reduces the degree of immunosuppression, restores the ratio of T-helperers / T-suppressors. The mechanism of antiviral action is associated with the inhibition of translation of virus-specific proteins in infected cells, thereby suppressing the replication of the virus. Effective against influenza viruses and viruses that cause ARVI, hepato- and herpesviruses, incl. CMV and others. The mechanism of antiviral action is associated with the inhibition of translation of virus-specific proteins in infected cells, thereby suppressing the replication of the virus.

Nordefrin is a catecholamine sympathomimetic used as a topical nasal decongestant and vasoconstrictor. Nordefrin is a racemic mixture of levo- and dextro- isomers and levonordefrin to be 100 to 200 times more active than dextro-nordefrin in raising blood pressure. Nordefrin is a structural isomer of epinephrine and levonordefrin produced a greater increase in heart rate than epinephrine.

EUPROCIN, a cupreine derivative, is a local anesthetic.

Talipexole is a D2 receptor agonist which was marketed in June 1996 in Japan for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clinical trials with talipexole in patients with Parkinson's disease demonstrated statistically significant improvements from baseline for parkinsonian symptoms including akinesia, rigidity, tremor and gait disturbances.

Sivelestat is a neutrophil elastase inhibitor approved in Japan and the Republic of Korea for acute lung injury, including acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Sivelestat is marketed as Elaspol in Japan. Sivelestat competitively inhibited human neutrophil elastase (IC50 = 0.044 uM, Ki = 0.2 uM). It also inhibited leukocyte elastase obtained from rabbit, rat, hamster and mouse.

Gabexate is a synthetic protease inhibitor, was shown to be effective in treating patients with sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation in which tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a critical role. Gabexate mesylate is a drug marketed only in Italy and Japan and it is considered an essential drug in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Gabexate is marketed under the brand name REMINARON among others in Japan. It relieves inflammatory symptoms in the pancreas by inhibiting various enzymes. It also improves organ disorders and bleeding tendency caused by blood clots in blood vessels by inhibiting blood coagulation. It is usually used to treat acute pancreatitis with deviation of proteolytic enzymes (such as trypsin, kallikrein and plasmin), acute exacerbation of chronic recurrent pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis after surgery and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Acedia Sulfone, an antimicrobial drug that is a prodrug of dapsone, which is used to treat leprosy.

Acefylline is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class. It acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Acephylline piperazine is a theophylline derivative with a direct bronchodilator action. It has the advantages over theophylline in being far less toxic and producing minimal gastric irritation. It is indicated for the treatment of asthma, emphysema, acute and chronic bronchitis associated with bronchospasm.Acefylline relaxes smooth muscles, relieves bronchospasm & has a stimulant effect on respiration. It stimulates the myocardium & central nervous system, decreases peripheral resistance & venous pressure & causes diuresis. The mechanism of action is still not clear, inhibition of phosphodiesterase with a resulting increase in intracellular cyclic AMP does occur, but not apparently at concentrations normally used for clinical effect. Other proposed mechanisms of action include adenosine receptor antagonism, prostaglandin antagonism & effects on intracellular calcium. Sodium phenobarbital is a non-selective central nervous system depressant that is primarily used as sedative-hypnotic.

Nalfurafine, an opioid κ-selective agonist, has been officially approved for resistant pruritus in HD patients on the basis of a well-evidenced clinical trial in Japan. Nalfurafine hydrochloride is a potent and selective agonist for mouse, rat, guinea pig, and human κ-opioid receptors without significant activity on µ- and δ-opioid receptors. Nalfurafine hydrochloride (2.5 and 5 ug/day) has been proven to be safe and effective for the treatment of HD patients with uremic pruritus resistant to antihistamines.