NS-018 is a potent inhibitor of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) enzyme activity and Src-family kinases. It was developed as an oral therapy for the treatment of myelofibrosis. Overall NS-018 has been used in trials studying the treatment of primary myelofibrosis, post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis, and post-essential thrombocythemia. NS-018 is a highly active JAK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.72 nM, 46-, 54-, and 31-fold selectivity for JAK2 over JAK1 (IC50, 33 nM), JAK3 (IC50, 39 nM), and Tyk2 (IC50, 22 nM). NS-018 also inhibits Src-family kinases, especially SRC and FYN, and weakly inhibits ABL and FLT3 with 45- and 90-fold selectivity for JAK2, respectively. NS-018 shows potent inhibitory activity against cell lines JAK2V617F or MPLW515L mutations or the TEL-JAK2 fusion gene.

Lidanserin is a drug which acts as a combined 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats intravenous injection of lidanserin caused dose-dependent blood pressure reductions. Lidanserin antagonises the excitatory effect of synaptically released 5-HT on central sympathoexcitatory neurons. Lidanserin is a potential antihypertensive compound which combines vasodilatatory effects due to selective alpha 1-receptor antagonistic action and platelet antiaggregatory, antivasospastic, and vasoprotective properties due to selective 5-HT2-receptor blockade.

Diproqualone was used primarily for the treatment of inflammatory pain associated with osteoarthritis. The analgesic activity of diproqualoneis synergistic with that of noramidopyrine. It also display anti-inflammatory action in the rat, inhibiting plantar edema with dextran or serotonin, atopic edema from ovalbumin, etc. It has spasmolytic, anticholinergic and antihistaminic action in higher doses. It is not hypnotic and has no anticonvulsant effects. The therapeutic symptoms for diproqualone are all types of pain: postoperative, posttraumatic, dental, neuritis, anti-inflammatory arthritis, etc.

Dexlofexidine is an isomer “+“ of lofexidine, which is agonist of alpha 2-adrenoceptor, but in 10 times less potent than the other isomer, levlofexidine.

Iganidipin is a new dihydropiridynic derivative of calcium antagonist. It is the only currently available calcium antagonist in the form of ophthalmic solution. Its topical administration increases ipsilateral optic nerve head blood flow in rabbits and monkeys and inhibits the contraction of blood vessels induced by endothelin -1. Iganidipin is also used for treat Angina pectoris and Hypertension.

Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Bridgewater, NJ), was developing a novel prostaglandin analog, AR-102, that had 150-fold greater selectivity and 30-fold greater potency at the FP receptor than latanoprost. In preclinical studies, the drug has shown greater IOP-lowering efficacy and alonger duration of action than latanoprost and betterocular tolerability than travoprost. AR-102 was in early-stage clinical development for glaucoma, which was discontinued later..

Nitracrine (Ledakrin, C-283) is an acridine derivative with potential cytostatic and antitumor activities. Nitracrine induces the unwinding of supercoiled DNA and binds to the DNA through intercalation, forming drug-DNA adducts and DNA interstrand crosslinks. This inhibits RNA synthesis, protein production, cell growth, DNA replication and cell proliferation; altogether, this may promote apoptosis. Since cancer cells have increased metabolism and proliferate at an increased rate, nitracrine may induce tumor cell apoptosis. The drug was used in clinics in Poland for the treatment of ovarian, colon, lung and mammary carcinomas. Some undesirable effects observed in clinics: e.g. nausea, vomiting and toxicity and mutagenicity of the drug in S. typhimurium strongly limited the therapeutic use of nitracrine and promoted a search for more suitable analogues.

Quinacillin is semisynthetic penicillase-resistant penicillin patented by Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. For the treatment of bacterial infection. Quinacillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis. In clinical trials Staph. aureus was eradicated from all but two patients during treatment but recurred in 4 after withdrawal. The antibiotic was especially useful in the treatment of staphylococcal respiratory infections, as it has little effect on the normal bacterial flora of the chest.

Sarizotan (also known as EMD-128,130), a chromane derivative that was developed as a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist and D2 receptor antagonist. Experiments on animal models have shown that the drug effectively suppressed levodopa-induced dyskinesia in primate and rodent models of Parkinson's disease, and tardive dyskinesia in a rodent model. Sarizotan participated in phase II/III clinical trials in the treatment of dyskinesia associated with the dopaminergic treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, further development for this disease was discontinued by Merk, because phase III did not confirm earlier Phase II findings. On July 14, 2015, Newron Pharmaceuticals, research, and development company focused on the novel central nervous system (CNS) and pain therapies, announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Orphan Drug Designation to sarizotan for treatment of Rett syndrome. Besides, the drug now is an ongoing clinical trial phase II/III to investigate its the tolerability and efficacy in reducing respiratory abnormalities in Rett Syndrome.