2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (DDA), a P-site specific adenylate cyclase inhibitor, inhibited the growth of K562 cells and caused them to become benzidine positive. Adenine, a possible metabolite of DDA digestion by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), also induced erythroid differentiation in K562 cells.

Triazamate (RH7988) is a fast-acting non-fumigant selective aphicide with contact and systemic action against a wide spectrum of aphid species. It is an inhibitor of cholinesterase. In European Union authorisations for plant protection products containing triazamate are withdrawn by 4 January 2006; no authorisations for plant protection products containing triazamate are granted or renewed from the date of publication.

Lead Benzoate is an inorganic salt that can be used as steel corrosion inhibitor.

Ochratoxin A (OTA)-methyl ester was the main metabolite produced after ochratoxin A exposure. It is known, that OTA shows potent renal toxicity and carcinogenicity in rodents, with a tendency to develop a renal tumor. Recent experiments revealed that the hybrid Caco-2/HepG2 co-culture system might be a promising tool for assessing the cytotoxicity parameters and the biotransformation of OTA. Both cells Caco-2 and HepG2 metabolized OTA to OTA methyl ester at the concentrations where this mycotoxin shows not cytotoxic effect. In this sense, the use of the methylated metabolite of OTA reported as the major metabolite could be a novel biomarker of OTA in biological samples.

1-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl) pyrrole (β-nicotyrine) is a tobacco alkaloid. It is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 CYP2A13 and a mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450 CYP2A6.

Morphiceptin (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-NH2), an amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta-casein, is a selective ligand of the mu opioid receptor, an important target in pain regulation. Now is used the analogs of morphiceptin, which are studied for the treatment of different diseases.

Piperonylic acid is a natural molecule contains in Piper nigrum and bearing a methylenedioxy function that closely mimics the structure of trans-cinnamic acid. Purified piperonylic acid is water-soluble, secure and nontoxic. Recent researchers have verified that piperonylic acid not only inhibited the growth of cancer cells and regulated the immunity, but also improved the lipid metabolism, enhanced endothelial function, and resisted atherosclerotic proliferation. However, related experimental studies are still limited.

Sodium thiophosphate (or sodium monothiophosphate) a biochemical reagent, a specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase and a competitive inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase. Thiophosphate was effective in inducing apoptosis in some leukemia cell lines including CEM and K562 and a lymphoma cell line, Raji. In addition, monothiophosphate entered intracellular nucleotide pools and served as an effective precursor for the phosphorylation of nuclear proteins in vivo.

Leptomycin B (LMB) an antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces, is a specific inhibitor of CRM1 (exportin 1), an evolutionarily conserved receptor for the nuclear export signal of proteins. It binds covalently to cysteine 528 in the nuclear export signal binding region of CRM1 leading to the inhibition of protein nuclear export. It was shown, that LMB possessed the ability to augment the effect of the tumor suppressor p53 in esophageal squamous cancer cell lines and thus LMB could be a promising component in p53 gene therapy. Recently was conducted experiments, which revealed, that LMB at a very low concentration (0.5 nM) combined with gefitinib have shown synergistic therapeutic effects and have ameliorated the development of gefitinib-induced resistance in lung cancer cells.

Basic violet 2 is triphenylmethane color used in hair coloring and in cell staining. It is also used as a thin-layer chromatography developing agent for perfluorinated organics. It was reported that two employees died from bladder cancer after ≥1 month in the manufacture of the dye.