DABIGATRAN

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C25H25N7O3
Molecular Weight	471.5121
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

Cn1c2ccc(cc2nc1CNc3ccc(cc3)C(=N)N)C(=O)N(CCC(=O)O)c4ccccn4

InChI

InChIKey=YBSJFWOBGCMAKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C25H25N7O3/c1-31-20-10-7-17(25(35)32(13-11-23(33)34)21-4-2-3-12-28-21)14-19(20)30-22(31)15-29-18-8-5-16(6-9-18)24(26)27/h2-10,12,14,29H,11,13,15H2,1H3,(H3,26,27)(H,33,34)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C25H25N7O3
Molecular Weight	471.5121
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06695https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212379
Curator's Comment:: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022512s007lbl.pdf https://www.pradaxa.com/

Dabigatran ethyl ester is a one of the intermediate, which is formed during metabolic reactions from dabigatran etexilate. Dabigatran ethyl ester forming under the action of intestinal carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) further is hydrolyzed by CES1 with formation of active drug, thrombin inhibitor, dabigatranand. Dabigatran ethyl ester is a much stronger inhibitor of ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase, than dabigatran.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 11 Target ID: CHEMBL2265 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212379	Substrate 609
Thrombin 16 Target ID: CHEMBL204 Sources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06695 \| http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022512s007lbl.pdf	Inhibitor 7728	1.2 nM [IC50]
Quinone reductase 2 7 Target ID: CHEMBL3959 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22494098 \|https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22494098	Inhibitor 7728

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation 4 Sources: http://docs.boehringer-ingelheim.com/Prescribing%20Information/PIs/Pradaxa/Pradaxa.pdf	Preventing	Approved 8043	PRADAXA Approved Use PRADAXA is a direct thrombin inhibitor indicated: To reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (1.1) For the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients who have been treated with a parenteral anticoagulant for 5-10 days (1.2) To reduce the risk of recurrence of DVT and PE in patients who have been previously treated (1.3) For the prophylaxis of DVT and PE in patients who have undergone hip replacement surgery Launch Date 1.28735995E12
Deep venous thrombosis 4 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022512s007lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8043	PRADAXA Approved Use PRADAXA is a direct thrombin inhibitor indicated: To reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (1.1) For the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients who have been treated with a parenteral anticoagulant for 5-10 days (1.2) To reduce the risk of recurrence of DVT and PE in patients who have been previously treated (1.3) For the prophylaxis of DVT and PE in patients who have undergone hip replacement surgery Launch Date 1.28735995E12
Pulmonary embolism 16 Sources: http://docs.boehringer-ingelheim.com/Prescribing%20Information/PIs/Pradaxa/Pradaxa.pdf	Preventing	Approved 8043	PRADAXA Approved Use PRADAXA is a direct thrombin inhibitor indicated: To reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (1.1) For the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients who have been treated with a parenteral anticoagulant for 5-10 days (1.2) To reduce the risk of recurrence of DVT and PE in patients who have been previously treated (1.3) For the prophylaxis of DVT and PE in patients who have undergone hip replacement surgery Launch Date 1.28735995E12
Unknown 2502

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
348 ng/mL REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18399711/	150 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:		DABIGATRAN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
2232 ng × h/mL REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18399711/	150 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:		DABIGATRAN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
11.3 h REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18399711/	150 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:		DABIGATRAN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
65% REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18399711/	150 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:		DABIGATRAN plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
400 mg 3 times / day single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17506785 Page: p.301	healthy, 18–45 n = 8 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18–45 Sex: M Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17506785 Page: p.301	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17506785 Page: p.301
400 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 400 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17506785 Page: p.301	healthy, 18–45 n = 6 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18–45 Sex: M Population Size: 6 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17506785 Page: p.301	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17506785 Page: p.301
150 mg 6 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605	healthy, 18–45 n = 14 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18–45 Sex: M+F Population Size: 14 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605	Disc. AE: C-reactive protein increased, Alanine aminotransferase increase... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: C-reactive protein increased (7.14%) Alanine aminotransferase increase (7.14%) Haematuria (7.14%) Epistaxis (7.14%) Haemorrhoidal haemorrhage (7.14%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605
150 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.5	unhealthy n = 6059 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation\|deep venous thrombosis\|pulmonary embolism Population Size: 6059 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.5	Disc. AE: Bleeding, Gastrointestinal disorder NOS... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Bleeding Gastrointestinal disorder NOS Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.5
150 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.6	unhealthy n = 6059 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation\|deep venous thrombosis\|pulmonary embolism Population Size: 6059 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.6	Disc. AE: Bleeding... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Bleeding (grade 5, 0.07%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.6
150 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation\|deep venous thrombosis\|pulmonary embolism Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.1	Disc. AE: Spinal epidural hematoma, Bleeding... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Spinal epidural hematoma Bleeding (grade 3-5) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.1

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Alanine aminotransferase increase	7.14% Disc. AE	150 mg 6 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605	healthy, 18–45 n = 14 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18–45 Sex: M+F Population Size: 14 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605
C-reactive protein increased	7.14% Disc. AE	150 mg 6 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605	healthy, 18–45 n = 14 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18–45 Sex: M+F Population Size: 14 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605
Epistaxis	7.14% Disc. AE	150 mg 6 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605	healthy, 18–45 n = 14 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18–45 Sex: M+F Population Size: 14 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605
Haematuria	7.14% Disc. AE	150 mg 6 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605	healthy, 18–45 n = 14 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18–45 Sex: M+F Population Size: 14 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605
Haemorrhoidal haemorrhage	7.14% Disc. AE	150 mg 6 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 6 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605	healthy, 18–45 n = 14 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18–45 Sex: M+F Population Size: 14 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32474728 Page: p.605
Bleeding	Disc. AE	150 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.5	unhealthy n = 6059 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation\|deep venous thrombosis\|pulmonary embolism Population Size: 6059 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.5
Gastrointestinal disorder NOS	Disc. AE	150 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.5	unhealthy n = 6059 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation\|deep venous thrombosis\|pulmonary embolism Population Size: 6059 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.5
Bleeding	grade 5, 0.07% Disc. AE	150 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.6	unhealthy n = 6059 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation\|deep venous thrombosis\|pulmonary embolism Population Size: 6059 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.6
Spinal epidural hematoma	Disc. AE	150 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation\|deep venous thrombosis\|pulmonary embolism Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.1
Bleeding	grade 3-5 Disc. AE	150 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation\|deep venous thrombosis\|pulmonary embolism Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022512s027lbl.pdf Page: p.1

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
substrate 1601 inhibitor 1467 inducer 707	inhibitor 1604	inhibitor 1702	inhibitor 1475

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A 69 CYP2B6 717 CYP2C19 1325 CYP2E1 790 CYP4A11 19 P-gp 1330	CYP1A1 325 CYP1A2 972 CYP2A6 485 CYP2B6 616 CYP2C19 910 CYP2E1 606 CYP4A11 93 UGT1A1 393 UGT1A3 397 UGT1A4 330 UGT1A6 289 UGT1A7 221 UGT1A8 266 UGT1A9 357 UGT1A10 273 UGT2B4 233 UGT2B7 362 UGT2B15 191 UGT2B17 203 P-gp 1400	CYP2B6 501 CYP1A2 637

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP1A 110	inhibitor 3045 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=68, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: 68-69, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2B6 884	inhibitor 3045 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=68, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: 68-69, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C19 1392	inhibitor 3045 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=68, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: 68-69, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C9 1648	inhibitor 3045 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=68, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: 68-69, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2D6 1738	inhibitor 3045 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=68, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: 68-69, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2E1 871	inhibitor 3045 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=68, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: 68-69, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP3A4 1772	inhibitor 3045 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=68, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: 68-69, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP4A11 23	inhibitor 3045 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=68, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: 68-69, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP1A2 1532	inducer 1440 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=110 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 110	no
CYP2B6 884	inducer 1440 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=110 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 110	no
CYP3A4 1772	inducer 1440 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=110 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 110	no
P-gp 1514	inhibitor 3045 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=55, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=34, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=68 Page: 54-56, 56-57, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 34, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 68	no

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
CYP1A1 325	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no
CYP1A2 972	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no
CYP2A6 485	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no
CYP2B6 616	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no
CYP2C19 910	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no
CYP2E1 606	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no
CYP4A11 93	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 33	no
UGT1A1 393	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	no
UGT1A10 273	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	no
UGT1A3 397	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	no
UGT1A4 330	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	no
UGT1A6 289	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	no
UGT1A7 221	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	no
UGT1A8 266	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	no
UGT2B17 203	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	no
UGT2B4 233	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	no
CYP3A4 1601	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: (ClinPharm) 13, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, 40-41, (PMDA_I100_1 Japanese) 33	no	no (co-administration study) Comment: Coadministration of Atorvastatin (CYP3A4 & P-gp inhibitor, 400 mg QD x 4 days) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg BID x 3 days and 150 mg QD on Day 4) decreased total Dabigatran AUCtau,ss by 58% and Cmax,ss by 50%., Coadministration of Clarithromycin (CYP3A4 & P-gp inhibitor, 500 mg BID x 5 days & 500 mg QD on Day 6) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg QD on Day 6) increased total Dabigatran AUCinf by 19% and Cmax by 15%., Coadministration of Rifampicin (CYP3A4 & P-gp inducer, 600 mg QD x 7 days in the night) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg QD on Day 8 morning) decreased total Dabigatran AUCinf by 67% and Cmax by 66%., Coadministration of Ketoconazole (CYP3A4 & P-gp inhibitor, 400mg QD ) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg QD) increased total Dabigatran AUCinf by 138% and Cmax by 135%. Sources: https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=32, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=33 Page: (ClinPharm) 13, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 32, 40-41, (PMDA_I100_1 Japanese) 33
P-gp 1400	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=55, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000ClinPharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=12, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000ClinPharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=34, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=66, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_K103_1.pdf#page=154 Page: 54-55, 56-57, (ClinPharm) 12, 13, 33-36, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, 39, 40-41, (PMDA_I100_1 Japanese) 66, (PMDA_K103_1 Japanese) 152-156	no	no (co-administration study) Comment: Caco-2 cells, Efflux ratio = 1.09 (3 mcM), 0.95 (300 mcM); MDR1-LLC-PK1 cells, Efflux ratio = 1.35 (10 mcM); Coadministration of Amiodarone (P-gp & CYP2C9 inhibitor, 600 mg QD on Day 4) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg BID x 3 days and 150 mg QD on Day 4) increased total Dabigatran AUCtau,ss by 58% and Cmax by 50%., Coadministration of Verapamil (P-gp inhibitor, 120 mg single or multiple doses, or 240 mg single dose) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg single dose) increased total Dabigatran AUCinf by 39~143% and Cmax by 12~179%., Coadministration of Quinidine (200 mg every 2 hr x 5 on Day 3 (3 hr after the first Dabigatran dose), P-gp inhibitor) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg BID x 3 days (2nd dose on Day 3 was administrated 1 hr after the final Quinidine dose) increased total Dabigatran AUCtau,ss by 53% and Cmax,ss by 56%., Coadministration of Ketoconazole (CYP3A4 & P-gp inhibitor, 400mg QD ) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg QD) increased total Dabigatran AUCinf by 138% and Cmax by 135%., Coadministration of Atorvastatin (CYP3A4 & P-gp inhibitor, 400 mg QD x 4 days) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg BID x 3 days and 150 mg QD on Day 4) decreased total Dabigatran AUCtau,ss by 58% and Cmax,ss by 50%., Coadministration of Clarithromycin (CYP3A4 & P-gp inhibitor, 500 mg BID x 5 days & 500 mg QD on Day 6) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg QD on Day 6) increased total Dabigatran AUCinf by 19% and Cmax by 15%., Coadministration of Rifampicin (CYP3A4 & P-gp inducer, 600 mg QD x 7 days in the night) with Dabigatran metexilate mesylate (150 mg QD on Day 8 morning) decreased total Dabigatran AUCinf by 67% and Cmax by 66%. Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=55, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000ClinPharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=12, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000ClinPharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=34, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=66, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_K103_1.pdf#page=154 Page: 54-55, 56-57, (ClinPharm) 12, 13, 33-36, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, 39, 40-41, (PMDA_I100_1 Japanese) 66, (PMDA_K103_1 Japanese) 152-156
UGT1A9 357	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	yes [Km 371.4 uM]
UGT2B15 191	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	yes [Km 511.7 uM]
UGT2B7 362	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=70, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/530353000_22300AMX00433000_A100_1.pdf#page=33, https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2011/P201100019/53035300_22300AMX00433000_I100_1.pdf#page=101 Page: 70-71, (PMDA_A100_1 Japanese) 33, (PMDA_I100-_ Japanese) 101	yes [Km 987.3 uM]

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 1507	inhibitor 1489 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022512Orig1s000PharmR_Corrrected%203.11.2011.pdf#page=47 Page: 15, 47

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:70752	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:70752
ChemicalBook	CB61458206	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB61458206
MolPort	MolPort-008-155-829	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-008-155-829
Selleck Chemicals	BIBR-953(Dabigatran)	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBR-953(Dabigatran).html
ZINC	ZINC000001910616	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000001910616
eMolecules	31592368	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=31592368

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Emergence of new oral antithrombotics: a critical appraisal of their clinical potential.	2008	19337550
[Perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: short review and recommendations].	2008 Dec	19185783
[New oral anticoagulants: molecular characteristics, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics].	2008 Nov	19087854
[Anaesthesia and thromboembolic disease].	2008 Nov	19087850
Recently published papers: Novel therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiac chemicals and intensive care outcomes.	2009	19909490
A cost-effectiveness model comparing rivaroxaban and dabigatran etexilate with enoxaparin sodium as thromboprophylaxis after total hip and total knee replacement in the irish healthcare setting.	2009	19803538
The prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism with LMWHs and new anticoagulants.	2009	19707288
Use of anticoagulants in elderly patients: practical recommendations.	2009	19503778
Coadministration of dabigatran etexilate and atorvastatin: assessment of potential impact on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.	2009	19178132
[New anticoagulants for secondary haemostasis--anti IIa inhibitors].	2009 Aug	19644604
Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology Meeting 2009: AAA, RELY, PROTECT, ACTIVE-I, European CRT survey, German pre-SCD II registry, and MADIT-CRT.	2009 Dec	19926603
[New oral anticoagulants. Consequences for perioperative coagulation diagnostics and therapy].	2009 Dec	19823782
Oral direct thrombin inhibitor AZD0837 for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a randomized dose-guiding, safety, and tolerability study of four doses of AZD0837 vs. vitamin K antagonists.	2009 Dec	19690349
Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism.	2009 Dec 10	19966341
Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation.	2009 Dec 31	20050386
Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation.	2009 Dec 31	20050383
Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation.	2009 Dec 31	20050382
Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation.	2009 Dec 31	20042760
Dabigatran: new drug. Continue to use heparin, a better-known option.	2009 Jun	19637411
[Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in orthopaedics and traumatology].	2009 Mar	19378847
The prevention of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism in the United Kingdom.	2009 Mar	19076173
Rationale and design of RE-LY: randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy, warfarin, compared with dabigatran.	2009 May	19376304
Rivaroxaban -- an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor: lessons from a broad clinical study programme.	2009 May	19187276
[Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new oral anticoagulants dabigatran and rivaroxaban].	2009 May-Jun	19712596
[Dabigatran and rivaroxaban, new oral anticoagulants for the treatment of venous thromboembolism].	2009 May-Jun	19712595
[The results of the RE-lY study promise more effective, safer and easier prevention of embolic complications in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation].	2009 Nov	20017441
Direct inhibitors of coagulation proteins - the end of the heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin era for anticoagulant therapy?	2009 Nov	19888525
Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, demonstrates antifibrotic effects on lung fibroblasts.	2009 Nov	19877031
The RE-LY study: Randomized Evaluation of Long-term anticoagulant therapY: dabigatran vs. warfarin.	2009 Nov	19770196
Adherence to a new oral anticoagulant treatment prescription: dabigatran etexilate.	2009 Nov 3	19936159
Rivaroxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism: a single technology appraisal.	2009 Oct	19846028
[New developments in antithrombotic care].	2009 Sep	19899386
[Dabigatran: clinical pharmacology].	2009 Sep	19875005
[Perspectives in cardiology: evidence of efficacy in atrial fibrillation and hopes in acute coronary syndrome].	2009 Sep	19875004
[Anticoagulants drugs direct trombin inhibitors].	2009 Sep	19875003
Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation.	2009 Sep 17	19717844
Dabigatran: safer, more effective and easier to use than warfarin.	2009 Sep-Oct	19907807
Oral antithrombotic inhibitors: dabigatran etexilate, meeting an unmet need?	2009 Sep-Oct	19706619
Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of dabigatran etexilate, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor.	2009 Sep-Oct	19696042
Dabigatran enhances clot susceptibility to fibrinolysis by mechanisms dependent on and independent of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor.	2010 Apr	20088944
[Dabigatran: a new therapeutic option for therapy and prophylaxis of thromboembolic diseases?].	2010 Feb	20104442
Replacing aspirin and warfarin for secondary stroke prevention: is it worth the costs?	2010 Feb	19949330
New oral anticoagulants: a practical guide for clinicians.	2010 Feb	19888552
The potential benefits of low-molecular-weight heparins in cancer patients.	2010 Jan 14	20074349
The new oral anticoagulants.	2010 Jan 7	19880491
Thrombin-induced CCN2 expression as a target for anti-fibrotic therapy in scleroderma.	2010 Jun	19957054
Comparative efficacy and safety of the novel oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban in preclinical and clinical development.	2010 Mar	20135071
Insights from the dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (RE-LY) trial.	2010 Mar	20105114
New anticoagulants for prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism.	2010 May	19485902
[Oral prevention of thromboembolism with rivaroxaban and dabigatran: are the newly approved drugs innovations in orthopaedic and trauma surgery? ].	2010 Sep	20135622

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Usual Adult Dose for Deep Vein Thrombosis - Prophylaxis Recommended doses: 150 mg orally twice a day Usual Adult Dose for Prevention of Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation Recommended doses: 150 mg orally twice a day Usual Adult Dose for Deep Vein Thrombosis/Pulmonary Embolism Prophylaxis Following Hip Replacement Surgery 110 mg orally 1 to 4 hours after surgery and after hemostasis has been achieved, then 220 mg orally once a day for 28 to 35 days

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Dabigatran at higher concentrations (500 and 1000 nM) potently inhibited thrombus formation. In platelet-poor plasma, dabigatran at 250 and 500 nM efficiently prolonged the lag time (LT) and moderately reduce peak height (PH) of TG.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Jun 25 23:41:51 UTC 2021` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Jun 25 23:41:51 UTC 2021`
Record UNII	I0VM4M70GC
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

Download

Name

Type

Language

DABIGATRAN

Official Name

English

BIBR 953 ZW

Code

English

BIBR-953-ZW

Code

English

N-((2-((P-AMIDINOANILINO)METHYL)-1-METHYL-5-BENZIMIDAZOLYL)CARBONYL)-N-2-PYRIDYL-.BETA.-ALANINE

Common Name

English

DABIGATRAN [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

DABIGATRAN [USAN]

Common Name

English

3-(((2-(((4-CARBAMIMIDOYLPHENYL)AMINO)METHYL)-1-METHYL-1H-BENZIMIDAZOL-5-YL)CARBONYL)(PYRIDIN-2-YL)AMINO)PROPANOIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

DABIGATRAN [MART.]

Common Name

English

DABIGATRAN [INN]

Common Name

English

DABIGATRAN [VANDF]

Common Name

English

.BETA.-ALANINE, N-((2-(((4-(AMINOIMINOMETHYL)PHENYL)AMINO)METHYL)-1-METHYL-1H-BENZIMIDAZOL-5-YL)CARBONYL)-N-2-PYRIDINYL-

Systematic Name

English

DABIGATRAN [MI]

Common Name

English

PRADAXA (DABIGATRAN)

Brand Name

English

BIBR-953

Code

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NCI_THESAURUS

C263