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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C4H6O4
Molecular Weight 118.088
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of SUCCINIC ACID

SMILES

OC(=O)CCC(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C4H6O4
Molecular Weight 118.088
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: The description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23461009 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24771373 | https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults.xhtml?searchQuery=PB254541 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464017

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state. Succinate is generated in mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), an energy-yielding process shared by all organisms. Succinate can exit the mitochondrial matrix and function in the cytoplasm as well as the extracellular space, changing gene expression patterns, modulating epigenetic landscape or demonstrating hormone-like signaling. Dysregulation of succinate synthesis, and therefore ATP synthesis, happens in some genetic mitochondrial diseases, such as Leigh's disease, and Mela's disease and degradation can lead to pathological conditions, such as malignant transformation, inflammation and tissue injury. Succinic acid is a precursor to some polyesters and a component of some alkyd resins. Succinic acid also serves as the bases of certain biodegradable polymers, which are of interest in tissue engineering applications. As a food additive and dietary supplement, succinic acid is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Succinic acid is used primarily as an acidity regulator in the food and beverage industry. It is also available as a flavoring agent, contributing a somewhat sour and astringent component to umami taste.[11] As an excipient in pharmaceutical products, it is also used to control acidity or as a counter ion. Drugs involving succinate include metoprolol succinate, sumatriptan succinate, Doxylamine succinate or solifenacin succinate.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
3.0 µM [IC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Inactive ingredient
Reamberin

Approved Use

Unknown
Inactive ingredient
Metoprolol Succinate ER

Approved Use

Unknown
Inactive ingredient
VESIcare

Approved Use

Unknown
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Oxidative and glycolytic metabolism of semen components by washed guinea pig spermatozoa.
1975 Feb
Structures and proton-pumping strategies of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes.
2001
Inhibition of spontaneous induction of lambdoid prophages in Escherichia coli cultures: simple procedures with possible biotechnological applications.
2001
Respiratory enzymes from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
2001
Ultrastructural localization of succinate dehydrogenase in some bacteria, after treatment with Lubrol W1.
2001
Tetracycline residues in meat and bone meals. Part 1: methodology and examination of field samples.
2001 Apr
Rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation produced during the oxidative metabolism of ethacrynic acid.
2001 Apr
Inhibition of Escherichia coli respiratory enzymes by the lactoperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-thiocyanate antimicrobial system.
2001 Apr
Enhancement of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine neurotoxicity by the energy inhibitor malonate.
2001 Apr
N-Acetylaspartate, a marker of both cellular dysfunction and neuronal loss: its relevance to studies of acute brain injury.
2001 Apr
Central carbon metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae explored by biosynthetic fractional (13)C labeling of common amino acids.
2001 Apr
Identification of respiratory complexes I and III as mitochondrial sites of damage following exposure to ionizing radiation and nitric oxide.
2001 Apr
The effects of feed and intracellular pyruvate levels on the redistribution of metabolic fluxes in Escherichia coli.
2001 Apr
The effects of endurance training and exhaustive exercise on mitochondrial enzymes in tissues of the rat (Rattus norvegicus).
2001 Apr
Glutamine supplementation promotes anaplerosis but not oxidative energy delivery in human skeletal muscle.
2001 Apr
Germline SDHD mutation in familial phaeochromocytoma.
2001 Apr 14
Energetic metabolism in mouse cerebral cortex during chronic hypoxia.
2001 Apr 6
New insights into the regulation of plant succinate dehydrogenase. On the role of the protonmotive force.
2001 Aug 31
A high-resolution integrated map spanning the SDHD gene at 11q23: a 1.1-Mb BAC contig, a partial transcript map and 15 new repeat polymorphisms in a tumour-suppressor region.
2001 Feb
Dramatic improvement in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy following treatment with idebenone.
2001 Feb
"Chemical preconditioning" by 3-nitropropionate reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac-arrested rat lungs.
2001 Feb 15
Paradoxical effects of copper and manganese on brain mitochondrial function.
2001 Feb 23
Time-course changes in arteriolar and venular portions of capillary in young treadmill-trained rats.
2001 Jan
Developmental aspects of the rat endolymphatic sac and functional implications.
2001 Jan
Reactivity of some sugars and sugar phosphates towards gold(III) in sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer medium.
2001 Jan 15
Cumulative and irreversible cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction induced by doxorubicin.
2001 Jan 15
Alloxan-induced mitochondrial permeability transition triggered by calcium, thiol oxidation, and matrix ATP.
2001 Jul 20
Simultaneous chromium(VI) reduction and phenol degradation in a fixed-film coculture bioreactor: reactor performance.
2001 Jun
Retention of heme in axial ligand mutants of succinate-ubiquinone xxidoreductase (complex II) from Escherichia coli.
2001 Jun 1
Modulation of mitochondrial function by hydrogen peroxide.
2001 Jun 29
Tissue reactions to epoxy-crosslinked porcine heart valves post-treated with detergents or a dicarboxylic acid.
2001 Jun 5
Kinetic analyses of mitochondrial 75selenium uptake in Trigonella foenum-graecum seedlings exposed to selenium and mimosine.
2001 Mar
Metabolic enzymes and phenotypic expression among human locomotor muscles.
2001 Mar
A general method for the quantitative analysis of functional chimeras: applications from site-directed mutagenesis and macromolecular association.
2001 Mar
Depletion of glutathione up-regulates mitochondrial complex I expression in glial cells.
2001 Mar
Different sensitivity of rabbit heart and skeletal muscle to endotoxin-induced impairment of mitochondrial function.
2001 Mar
Variables in human liver microsome preparation: impact on the kinetics of l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) n-demethylation and dextromethorphan O-demethylation.
2001 Mar
Conjugative metabolism of 1,2-dibromoethane in mitochondria: disruption of oxidative phosphorylation and alkylation of mitochondrial DNA.
2001 Mar 1
Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pseudorevertants containing suppressors of the catabolite repression control-defective crc-10 allele.
2001 Mar 15
Myxothiazol induces H(2)O(2) production from mitochondrial respiratory chain.
2001 Mar 2
Analysis of sulfonated compounds by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
2001 Mar 30
Dynamic responses of Pseudomonas fluorescens DF57 to nitrogen or carbon source addition.
2001 Mar 9
Effects of culture conditions on enhancement of 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation by Burkholderia engineered with the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene.
2001 Mar-Apr
Possible involvement of protein phosphorylation in aluminum-responsive malate efflux from wheat root apex.
2001 May
Chemical preconditioning with 3-nitropropionic acid in hearts: role of mitochondrial K(ATP) channel.
2001 May
Synthesis of iron-crosslinked chitosan succinate and iron-crosslinked hydroxamated chitosan succinate and their in vitro evaluation as potential matrix materials for oral theophylline sustained-release beads.
2001 May
Cloning and functional characterization of a high-affinity Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter from mouse brain.
2001 May
Kinetic and crystallographic studies on deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS).
2001 May 18
The 'strict' anaerobe Desulfovibrio gigas contains a membrane-bound oxygen-reducing respiratory chain.
2001 May 4
In vitro effects of nicotine on mitochondrial respiration and superoxide anion generation.
2001 May 4
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Human: 0.20mh/kg/day up tp 12.2mg
Route of Administration: Oral
Antiviral activity was measured in a plaque inhibition assay. Confluent Vero cell monolayer in 6-well multidishes were infected with 100 PFU in 1 mL of MEM medium. After adsorption at 37 °C for 2 h, residual inoculum was replaced with 1 mL of MEM medium containing 0.2% gamma-globulin and 1 mL of a dilution of varying concentrations of the Succinic acid. Virus-infected wells without compounds were used as cytopathogenicity controls. Viral cytopathogenicity (CPE) was completed 1-2 days after viral infection
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 16 22:17:42 UTC 2022
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 16 22:17:42 UTC 2022
Record UNII
AB6MNQ6J6L
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
SUCCINIC ACID
FCC   HSDB   II   INCI   MART.   MI   USP-RS   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INCI  
Official Name English
SUCCINIC ACID [MI]
Common Name English
DIHYDROFUMARIC ACID
Common Name English
ADIPIC ACID IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
Succinic acid [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
FEMA NO. 4719
Code English
SUCCINIC ACID [II]
Common Name English
SUCCINIC ACID [USP-RS]
Common Name English
SUCCINIC ACID [INCI]
Common Name English
SUCCINIC ACID [FCC]
Common Name English
1,2-ETHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
Systematic Name English
AMBER ACID
Common Name English
SUCCINIC ACID [HSDB]
Common Name English
SUCCINIC ACID [VANDF]
Common Name English
SUCCINICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
Common Name English
NSC-106449
Code English
SUCCINIC ACID [MART.]
Common Name English
SUCCINICUM ACIDUM
HPUS  
Common Name English
SUCCINIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
BUTANEDIOIC ACID
Systematic Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
CFR 21 CFR 172.230
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
DSLD 3384 (Number of products:37)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
NCI_THESAURUS C345
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
CFR 21 CFR 184.1091
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
Code System Code Type Description
MESH
D019802
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
AB6MNQ6J6L
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C61954
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1623411
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
CAS
110-15-6
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
GRAS Notification (GRN No.)
552
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
AB6MNQ6J6L
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID6023602
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00139
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1623422
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
ALTERNATIVE
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
203-740-4
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB12599MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
RXCUI
37255
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY RxNorm
MERCK INDEX
M10269
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY Merck Index
DRUG CENTRAL
2487
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
CHEBI
15741
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
NSC
106449
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
SUCCINIC ACID
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
1110
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL576
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 22:17:44 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
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