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Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C16H21NO2
Molecular Weight 259.3434
Optical Activity ( - )
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of RAMELTEON

SMILES

CCC(=O)NCC[C@@H]1CCC2=C1C3=C(OCC3)C=C2

InChI

InChIKey=YLXDSYKOBKBWJQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H21NO2/c1-2-15(18)17-9-7-12-4-3-11-5-6-14-13(16(11)12)8-10-19-14/h5-6,12H,2-4,7-10H2,1H3,(H,17,18)/t12-/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C16H21NO2
Molecular Weight 259.3434
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.takeda.com/news/2011/20111007_3902.html

Ramelteon was approved by the United States (U.S.) in July 2005, and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in April 2010. It is currently available in the USA and Japan as ROZEREM and is indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep onset. In October 7, 2011, Takeda has decided to discontinue the development of ramelteon in Europe for the treatment of insomnia in order to best optimize Takeda’s resources for its research and development activities. Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist with both high affinity for melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and selectivity over the MT3 receptor. Ramelteon demonstrates full agonist activity in vitro in cells expressing human MT1 or MT2 receptors, and high selectivity for human MT1 and MT2 receptors compared to the MT3 receptor. The activity of ramelteon at the MT1 and MT2 receptors is believed to contribute to its sleep-promoting properties since these receptors are acted upon by endogenous melatonin and are thought to be involved in the maintenance of the circadian rhythm underlying normal sleep-wake cycles. Ramelteon has no appreciable affinity for the GABA receptor complex or for receptors that bind neuropeptides, cytokines, serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and opiates.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
ROZEREM

Approved Use

ROZEREM is indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep onset. The clinical trials performed in support of efficacy were up to 6 months in duration. The final formal assessments of sleep latency were performed after 2 days of treatment during the crossover study (elderly only), at 5 weeks in the 6-week studies (adults and elderly), and at the end of the 6-month study (adults and elderly) [see Clinical Studies (14)

Launch Date

2005
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
25.9 ng/mL
64 mg single, oral
dose: 64 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
RAMELTEON serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
36.1 ng × h/mL
64 mg single, oral
dose: 64 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
RAMELTEON serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1.9 h
64 mg single, oral
dose: 64 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
RAMELTEON serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
30%
64 mg single, oral
dose: 64 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
RAMELTEON serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
32 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.8 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 42.8 years
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Other AEs: Somnolence, Malaise...
Other AEs:
Somnolence (12.7%)
Malaise (1.6%)
Dizziness (3.2%)
Nasopharyngitis (4.8%)
Sources:
40 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 47 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 47 years
Sex: F
Sources:
8 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
Disc. AE: Somnolence, Dizziness...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Somnolence (0.8%)
Dizziness (0.5%)
Nausea (0.3%)
Fatigue (0.3%)
Headache (0.3%)
Insomnia (0.3%)
Sources:
160 mg single, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 160 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 160 mg
Sources:
unknown
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Malaise 1.6%
32 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.8 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 42.8 years
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Somnolence 12.7%
32 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.8 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 42.8 years
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Dizziness 3.2%
32 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.8 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 42.8 years
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Nasopharyngitis 4.8%
32 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.8 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 42.8 years
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Fatigue 0.3%
Disc. AE
8 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
Headache 0.3%
Disc. AE
8 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
Insomnia 0.3%
Disc. AE
8 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
Nausea 0.3%
Disc. AE
8 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
Dizziness 0.5%
Disc. AE
8 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
Somnolence 0.8%
Disc. AE
8 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
Overview

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer







Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
no
no
no
no
no
no
no (co-administration study)
Comment: theophylline AUC increased 40% and Cmax increased 35%
Page: 11, 13
no
no (co-administration study)
Comment: dextromethorphan AUC and Cmax did not change
Page: 11, 13
no
no (co-administration study)
Comment: ramelteon decreased digoxin exposure by 3%
Page: 11, 60, 63
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
inconclusive
major
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: fluvoxamine increased ramelteon AUC 190-fold and Cmax 70-fold; rifampin decreased total expsoure to ramelteon by 80%
Page: 11, 13
minor
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: rifampin decreased total expsoure to ramelteon by 80%
Page: 11, 13
minor
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: ketaconazole increased ramelteon AUC by 84% and Cmax 36%; rifampin decreased total expsoure to ramelteon by 80%
Page: 11, 13
yes
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: fluconazole increased AUC by 150% and Cmax by 150%; rifampin decreased total expsoure to ramelteon by 80%
Page: 13.0
Tox targets

Tox targets

Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Gateways to clinical trials.
2004 Dec
Gateways to clinical trials.
2004 Nov
The sleep-promoting action of ramelteon (TAK-375) in freely moving cats.
2004 Nov 1
Relative abuse liability of hypnotic drugs: a conceptual framework and algorithm for differentiating among compounds.
2005
Sleep and aging: prevalence of disturbed sleep and treatment considerations in older adults.
2005
Ramelteon.
2005
Melatonin and sleep in aging population.
2005 Dec
Ramelteon (TAK-375), a selective MT1/MT2-receptor agonist, reduces latency to persistent sleep in a model of transient insomnia related to a novel sleep environment.
2005 Mar
Fresh from the pipeline: Ramelteon.
2005 Nov
Ramelteon (Rozerem) for insomnia.
2005 Nov 7
Gateways to clinical trials.
2005 Oct
Use of sleep-promoting medications in nursing home residents : risks versus benefits.
2006
Practical considerations of new drugs: new choices for old problems.
2006 Apr
Disposition kinetics and tolerance of escalating single doses of ramelteon, a high-affinity MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor agonist indicated for treatment of insomnia.
2006 Feb
An efficacy, safety, and dose-response study of Ramelteon in patients with chronic primary insomnia.
2006 Jan
Effect of ramelteon (TAK-375), a selective MT1/MT2 receptor agonist, on motor performance in mice.
2006 Jul 24
Acute and chronic effects of ramelteon in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): dependence liability studies.
2006 Jun
A new sleeping pill.
2006 Oct
Ramelteon for the treatment of insomnia.
2006 Oct
Eszopiclone for late-life insomnia.
2007
Role of the melatonin system in the control of sleep: therapeutic implications.
2007
Update on the safety considerations in the management of insomnia with hypnotics: incorporating modified-release formulations into primary care.
2007
Use of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in the elderly: are all agents the same?
2007
Drug Insight: the use of melatonergic agonists for the treatment of insomnia-focus on ramelteon.
2007 Apr
Age and gender effects on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ramelteon, a hypnotic agent acting via melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2.
2007 Apr
Putting "sleepdriving" and new safety warning in perspective.
2007 Aug
Treatment options for insomnia.
2007 Aug 15
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of ramelteon in subjects with chronic insomnia.
2007 Aug 15
Greater incidence of depression with hypnotic use than with placebo.
2007 Aug 21
[Recent and potential drugs for treatment of insomnia].
2007 Jan
Therapeutic options for sleep-maintenance and sleep-onset insomnia.
2007 Jan
New perspectives for the treatment of disorders of sleep and arousal.
2007 Jul
Hypnotic sedative drugs.
2007 Jun
The management of insomnia in the older adult.
2007 Jun
A 2-night, 3-period, crossover study of ramelteon's efficacy and safety in older adults with chronic insomnia.
2007 May
Gateways to clinical trials.
2007 Oct
Design and synthesis of new N1 and C3-substituted 4-fluoroindolic melatoninergics.
2007 Oct
Self-reported efficacy and tolerability of ramelteon 8 mg in older adults experiencing severe sleep-onset difficulty.
2007 Sep
Safety of ramelteon in individuals with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea.
2007 Sep
Effect of ramelteon, a selective MT(1)/MT (2)-receptor agonist, on respiration during sleep in mild to moderate COPD.
2008 Aug
Pharmacotherapy for insomnia.
2008 Feb
[Drugs for insomnia and improving quality of life (QOL): research and development of ramelteon, an MT1/MT2-receptor agonist].
2008 Jan
Ramelteon: a melatonin receptor agonist for the treatment of insomnia.
2008 Jan-Mar
Melatonin and its agonists: an update.
2008 Oct
Circadian phase-shifting effects of repeated ramelteon administration in healthy adults.
2008 Oct 15
Possibility that certain hypnotics might cause cancer in skin.
2008 Sep
Hypnotics and skin cancer: hint at drug carcinogenesis, coincidence, or benefit of more sleep?
2008 Sep
Sleep dysfunction in heart failure.
2008 Sep
Ramelteon: a novel approach in the treatment of insomnia.
2008 Sep
The effects of ramelteon in a first-night model of transient insomnia.
2009 Jan
Patents

Sample Use Guides

The recommended dose 8 mg taken within 30 minutes of going to bed. It is recommended that drug not be taken with or immediately after a high fat meal.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Ramelteon inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in the CHO cells that express the human MT1 or MT2 receptors.
Unknown
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
Record UNII
901AS54I69
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
ROZEREM
Preferred Name English
RAMELTEON
HSDB   INN   JAN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN   USAN  
Official Name English
RAMELTEON [JAN]
Common Name English
RAMELTEON [VANDF]
Common Name English
TAK375
Code English
(-)-N-(2-(((8S)-1,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-2H-INDENO(5,4-.BETA.)FURAN-8-YL)ETHYL)PROPANAMIDE
Common Name English
RAMELTEON [HSDB]
Common Name English
RAMELTEON [MART.]
Common Name English
RAMELTEON [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
RAMELTEON [USAN]
Common Name English
TAK-375
Code English
Ramelteon [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
RAMELTEON [MI]
Common Name English
PROPANAMIDE, N-(2-((8S)-1,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-2H-INDENO(5,4-.BETA.)FURAN-8-YL)ETHYL)-
Common Name English
ramelteon [INN]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-ATC N05CH02
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
LIVERTOX NBK548437
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000000250
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QN05CH02
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000175743
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C47795
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
NCI_THESAURUS
C66504
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000085617
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Ramelteon
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
RAMELTEON
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
901AS54I69
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
196597-26-9
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
USAN
PP-50
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
596205
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY RxNorm
HSDB
7787
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1218
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
2355
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB21315
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m9489
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
DAILYMED
901AS54I69
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
INN
8447
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID6045951
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MESH
C495910
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
208902
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
1356
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00980
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:16:13 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
MINOR
EXCRETED UNCHANGED
FECAL; URINE
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
MINOR
TARGET -> AGONIST
AGONIST
Ki
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
MAJOR
TARGET -> AGONIST
HUMAN RECEPTOR IN CHO CELLS
Ki
BINDER->LIGAND
independent of concentration
BINDING
Related Record Type Details
METABOLITE INACTIVE -> PARENT
METABOLITE INACTIVE -> PARENT
METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT
metabolite M-II, has a longer half-life and greater systemic exposure than ramelteon. Hence, M-II may contribute significantly to the hypnotic benefits of ramelteon. S-ISOMER represents 94% of M-II.
METABOLITE -> PARENT
METABOLITE -> PARENT
METABOLITE INACTIVE -> PARENT
METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT
major isozyme metabolizes to S-isomer
MAJOR
PLASMA
METABOLITE -> PARENT
METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT
minor isozyme
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY
Name Property Type Amount Referenced Substance Defining Parameters References
Biological Half-life PHARMACOKINETIC Elimination
PHARMACOKINETIC
Tmax PHARMACOKINETIC FASTED ORAL ADMINISTRATION

ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY PHARMACOKINETIC
Volume of Distribution PHARMACOKINETIC