Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C8H12N5O4P |
Molecular Weight | 273.1857 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2CCOCP(O)(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=SUPKOOSCJHTBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H12N5O4P/c9-7-6-8(11-3-10-7)13(4-12-6)1-2-17-5-18(14,15)16/h3-4H,1-2,5H2,(H2,9,10,11)(H2,14,15,16)
Molecular Formula | C8H12N5O4P |
Molecular Weight | 273.1857 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14498759
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-387-49785-3_33
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14498759
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-387-49785-3_33
The potential antiviral effect of adefovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analog of 2′-deoxyadenosine monophosphate, was first studied by Holý and De Clercq in 1980s.
Adefovir is an acyclic nucleotide analog of adenosine monophosphate which is phosphorylated to the active metabolite adefovir diphosphate by cellular kinases. Adefovir diphosphate inhibits HBV DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) by competing with the natural substrate deoxyadenosine triphosphate and by causing DNA chain termination after its incorporation into viral DNA. Oral adefovir dipivoxil is effective and generally well tolerated in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients chronically infected with wild-type or lamivudine-resistant HBV.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1743128 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23956101 |
133.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL6020 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23956101 |
46.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL5748 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23956101 |
133.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL5918 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23956101 |
133.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2362994 |
0.1 µM [Ki] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | HEPSERA Approved UseHEPSERA is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients 12 years of age and older with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active disease. This indication is based on histological, virological, biochemical, and serological responses in adult patients with HBeAg+ and HBeAg- chronic hepatitis B with compensated liver function, and with clinical evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus with either compensated or decompensated liver function. For patients 12 to <18 years of age, the indication is based on virological and biochemical responses in patients with HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B virus infection with compensated liver function. HEPSERA is a nucleotide analogue indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients ≥12 years of age. (1) Launch Date1.03248003E12 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
18.4 ng/mL |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ADEFOVIR plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
220 ng × h/mL |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ADEFOVIR plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
7.48 h |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ADEFOVIR plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
96% |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ADEFOVIR plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 12 - 17 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Other AEs: Rhinorrhea, Sneezing... Other AEs: Rhinorrhea (1 patient) Sources: Sneezing (1 patient) Blister (1 patient) |
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 2 - 6 years n = 13 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 2 - 6 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 13 Sources: |
|
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 7 - 11 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Other AEs: Headache, Vertigo... Other AEs: Headache (1 patient) Sources: Vertigo (1 patient) Disturbance in attention (1 patient) Disorder eye (1 patient) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Blister | 1 patient | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 12 - 17 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Rhinorrhea | 1 patient | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 12 - 17 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Sneezing | 1 patient | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 12 - 17 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Disorder eye | 1 patient | 0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 7 - 11 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Disturbance in attention | 1 patient | 0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 7 - 11 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Headache | 1 patient | 0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 7 - 11 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Vertigo | 1 patient | 0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic hepatitis B Age Group: 7 - 11 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 6, 16 |
inconclusive | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P2.pdf Page: 26.0 |
inconclusive | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P2.pdf Page: 26.0 |
inconclusive | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-449_Hepsera_biopharmr_P1.pdf Page: 15.0 |
no | |||
no | ||||
yes | ||||
yes |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Herpes simplex virus-specified DNA polymerase is the target for the antiviral action of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. | 1991 Jan 5 |
|
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a phosphonate prodrug: bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. | 1992 Sep |
|
Lamivudine, adefovir and tenofovir exhibit long-lasting anti-hepatitis B virus activity in cell culture. | 2000 Jan |
|
Drug resistance and drug combination features of the human immunodeficiency virus inhibitor, BCH-10652 [(+/-)-2'-deoxy-3'-oxa-4'-thiocytidine, dOTC]. | 2000 Jul |
|
Cross-resistance testing of antihepadnaviral compounds using novel recombinant baculoviruses which encode drug-resistant strains of hepatitis B virus. | 2001 Jun |
|
Intramolecular stacking interactions in ternary copper(II) complexes formed with 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline and 9-(4-phosphonobutyl)adenine (dPMEA), the carba relative of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9. | 2001 Mar |
|
Formation of ternary complexes by coordination of (diethylenetriamine)-platinum(II) to N1 or N7 of the adenine moiety of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9. | 2001 May 4 |
|
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel nucleoside and nucleotide analogues as agents against DNA viruses and/or retroviruses. | 2001 Oct 25 |
|
In vitro susceptibilities of wild-type or drug-resistant hepatitis B virus to (-)-beta-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane and 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil. | 2001 Sep |
|
Fanconi syndrome and renal failure induced by tenofovir: a first case report. | 2002 Dec |
|
Antiretrovirus activity of a novel class of acyclic pyrimidine nucleoside phosphonates. | 2002 Jul |
|
Antivaccinia activities of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate derivatives in epithelial cells and organotypic cultures. | 2002 Nov |
|
Inhibitory activity of dioxolane purine analogs on wild-type and lamivudine-resistant mutants of hepadnaviruses. | 2002 Sep |
|
Antiviral activities of MCC-478, a novel and specific inhibitor of hepatitis B virus. | 2002 Sep |
|
In vitro activity of potential anti-poxvirus agents. | 2003 Jan |
|
Effect of the G1896A precore mutation on drug sensitivity and replication yield of lamivudine-resistant HBV in vitro. | 2003 Jan |
|
Intrinsic acid-base properties of purine derivatives in aqueous solution and comparison of the acidifying effects of platinum(II) coordinated to N1 or N7: acidifying effects are reciprocal and the proton "outruns" divalent metal ions. | 2003 Jan 13 |
|
Evaluation of nucleoside phosphonates and their analogs and prodrugs for inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication. | 2003 Jul |
|
Nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 9-[2- (phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (9,8aPMEA), the 8-aza derivative of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] adenine (PMEA). Quantification of four isomeric species in aqueous solution. | 2004 |
|
Quantification of isomeric equilibria formed by metal ion complexes of 8-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (8,8aPMEA) and 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (9,8aPMEA). Derivatives of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA). | 2004 Dec |
|
Phosphorothioate di- and trinucleotides as a novel class of anti-hepatitis B virus agents. | 2004 Jun |
|
In vitro selection of drug-resistant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) mutants (OKA strain): differences between acyclovir and penciclovir? | 2004 Mar |
|
Combinations of adefovir with nucleoside analogs produce additive antiviral effects against hepatitis B virus in vitro. | 2004 Oct |
|
Antiviral potential of a new generation of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, the 6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidines. | 2005 |
|
Cross-resistance testing of next-generation nucleoside and nucleotide analogues against lamivudine-resistant HBV. | 2005 |
|
cycloSal-PMEA and cycloAmb-PMEA: potentially new phosphonate prodrugs based on the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach. | 2005 Dec 15 |
|
Acid-base and metal-ion-binding properties of 9-[2-(2-phosphonoethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PEEA), a relative of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA). An exercise on the quantification of isomeric complex equilibria in solution. | 2005 Jul 11 |
|
Novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues with potent anti-hepatitis B virus activities. | 2005 Mar |
|
Susceptibilities of several clinical varicella-zoster virus (VZV) isolates and drug-resistant VZV strains to bicyclic furano pyrimidine nucleosides. | 2005 Mar |
|
Spectrum of antiviral activity of o-(acetoxyphenyl)hept-2-ynyl sulphide (APHS). | 2005 May |
|
The flounder organic anion transporter fOat has sequence, function, and substrate specificity similarity to both mammalian Oat1 and Oat3. | 2006 Dec |
|
Cellular and virological mechanisms of HBV drug resistance. | 2006 Feb |
|
Virologic response and resistance to adefovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B. | 2006 Feb |
|
Purine P1 receptor-dependent immunostimulatory effects of antiviral acyclic analogues of adenine and 2,6-diaminopurine. | 2006 Jan 13 |
|
In vivo effects of antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonate 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (adefovir) on cytochrome P450 system of rat liver microsomes. | 2006 May |
|
Improved outcome of chronic hepatitis B after heart transplantation by long-term antiviral therapy. | 2006 Nov |
|
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl esters of acyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphonates against HIV-1 in vitro. | 2006 Oct |
|
Successful treatment of an entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus variant. | 2007 Dec |
|
Pronounced in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral activity of 5-substituted 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy] pyrimidines. | 2007 Jan |
|
Design and synthesis of novel bis(L-amino acid) ester prodrugs of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) with improved anti-HBV activity. | 2007 Jan 15 |
|
Substrate overlap between Mrp4 and Abcg2/Bcrp affects purine analogue drug cytotoxicity and tissue distribution. | 2007 Jul 15 |
|
Redetection of HBV lamivudine-resistant mutations in a patient under entecavir therapy, who had been treated sequentially with nucleos(t)ide analogues. | 2007 Nov |
|
Secretion of antiretroviral chemokines by human cells cultured with acyclic nucleoside phosphonates. | 2007 Nov 21 |
|
In vitro drug susceptibility analysis of hepatitis B virus clinical quasispecies populations. | 2007 Oct |
|
Combination therapy in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis B virus without hepatitis B immune globulin. | 2007 Oct |
|
Prophylaxsis against recurrance of hepatitis B virus after liver transplantation: a retrospective analysis spanning 20 years. | 2008 Jan |
|
[Factors affecting initial virologic response and emergence of resistant mutants after adefovir treatment in lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients]. | 2008 Mar |
|
Short-term overlap lamivudine treatment with adefovir dipivoxil in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B. | 2008 Mar 21 |
|
Gene induction for the treatment of methylmalonic aciduria. | 2009 Apr |
|
Renal side effects of adefovir in hepatitis B virus-(HBV) positive kidney allograft recipients. | 2009 Jan |
Patents
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
by
admin
on
Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
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Record UNII |
6GQP90I798
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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-
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NDF-RT |
N0000175459
Created by
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NDF-RT |
N0000175459
Created by
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C97452
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548633
Created by
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NDF-RT |
N0000175656
Created by
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NDF-RT |
N0000009947
Created by
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NDF-RT |
N0000175459
Created by
admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
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134512
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7313
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CHEMBL484
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C61526
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M1409
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6GQP90I798
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6GQP90I798
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DTXSID6046214
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106941-25-7
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16521
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C053001
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Adefovir
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100000090470
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GG-19
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60172
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SUB05264MIG
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Adefovir
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DB13868
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8079
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2469
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TRANSPORTER -> SUBSTRATE | |||
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR | |||
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TRANSPORTER -> SUBSTRATE |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |