U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C8H12N5O4P
Molecular Weight 273.1857
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of ADEFOVIR

SMILES

NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2CCOCP(O)(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=SUPKOOSCJHTBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H12N5O4P/c9-7-6-8(11-3-10-7)13(4-12-6)1-2-17-5-18(14,15)16/h3-4H,1-2,5H2,(H2,9,10,11)(H2,14,15,16)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C8H12N5O4P
Molecular Weight 273.1857
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14498759 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-387-49785-3_33

The potential antiviral effect of adefovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analog of 2′-deoxyadenosine monophosphate, was first studied by Holý and De Clercq in 1980s. Adefovir is an acyclic nucleotide analog of adenosine monophosphate which is phosphorylated to the active metabolite adefovir diphosphate by cellular kinases. Adefovir diphosphate inhibits HBV DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) by competing with the natural substrate deoxyadenosine triphosphate and by causing DNA chain termination after its incorporation into viral DNA. Oral adefovir dipivoxil is effective and generally well tolerated in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients chronically infected with wild-type or lamivudine-resistant HBV.

Originator

Curator's Comment: (De Clercq et al., 1986, 1987; Holý et al., 1999, 2002)

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
HEPSERA

Approved Use

HEPSERA is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients 12 years of age and older with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active disease. This indication is based on histological, virological, biochemical, and serological responses in adult patients with HBeAg+ and HBeAg- chronic hepatitis B with compensated liver function, and with clinical evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus with either compensated or decompensated liver function. For patients 12 to <18 years of age, the indication is based on virological and biochemical responses in patients with HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B virus infection with compensated liver function. HEPSERA is a nucleotide analogue indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients ≥12 years of age. (1)

Launch Date

1.03248003E12
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
18.4 ng/mL
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ADEFOVIR plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
220 ng × h/mL
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ADEFOVIR plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.48 h
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ADEFOVIR plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
96%
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ADEFOVIR plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years
n = 15
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 12 - 17 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 15
Sources:
Other AEs: Rhinorrhea, Sneezing...
Other AEs:
Rhinorrhea (1 patient)
Sneezing (1 patient)
Blister (1 patient)
Sources:
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 2 - 6 years
n = 13
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 2 - 6 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 13
Sources:
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Other AEs: Headache, Vertigo...
Other AEs:
Headache (1 patient)
Vertigo (1 patient)
Disturbance in attention (1 patient)
Disorder eye (1 patient)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Blister 1 patient
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years
n = 15
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 12 - 17 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 15
Sources:
Rhinorrhea 1 patient
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years
n = 15
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 12 - 17 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 15
Sources:
Sneezing 1 patient
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years
n = 15
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 12 - 17 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 15
Sources:
Disorder eye 1 patient
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Disturbance in attention 1 patient
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Headache 1 patient
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Vertigo 1 patient
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Overview

OverviewOther

Drug as perpetrator​Drug as victim
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Herpes simplex virus-specified DNA polymerase is the target for the antiviral action of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine.
1991 Jan 5
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a phosphonate prodrug: bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine.
1992 Sep
Lamivudine, adefovir and tenofovir exhibit long-lasting anti-hepatitis B virus activity in cell culture.
2000 Jan
Drug resistance and drug combination features of the human immunodeficiency virus inhibitor, BCH-10652 [(+/-)-2'-deoxy-3'-oxa-4'-thiocytidine, dOTC].
2000 Jul
Cross-resistance testing of antihepadnaviral compounds using novel recombinant baculoviruses which encode drug-resistant strains of hepatitis B virus.
2001 Jun
Intramolecular stacking interactions in ternary copper(II) complexes formed with 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline and 9-(4-phosphonobutyl)adenine (dPMEA), the carba relative of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9.
2001 Mar
Formation of ternary complexes by coordination of (diethylenetriamine)-platinum(II) to N1 or N7 of the adenine moiety of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9.
2001 May 4
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel nucleoside and nucleotide analogues as agents against DNA viruses and/or retroviruses.
2001 Oct 25
In vitro susceptibilities of wild-type or drug-resistant hepatitis B virus to (-)-beta-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane and 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil.
2001 Sep
Fanconi syndrome and renal failure induced by tenofovir: a first case report.
2002 Dec
Antiretrovirus activity of a novel class of acyclic pyrimidine nucleoside phosphonates.
2002 Jul
Antivaccinia activities of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate derivatives in epithelial cells and organotypic cultures.
2002 Nov
Inhibitory activity of dioxolane purine analogs on wild-type and lamivudine-resistant mutants of hepadnaviruses.
2002 Sep
Antiviral activities of MCC-478, a novel and specific inhibitor of hepatitis B virus.
2002 Sep
In vitro activity of potential anti-poxvirus agents.
2003 Jan
Effect of the G1896A precore mutation on drug sensitivity and replication yield of lamivudine-resistant HBV in vitro.
2003 Jan
Intrinsic acid-base properties of purine derivatives in aqueous solution and comparison of the acidifying effects of platinum(II) coordinated to N1 or N7: acidifying effects are reciprocal and the proton "outruns" divalent metal ions.
2003 Jan 13
Evaluation of nucleoside phosphonates and their analogs and prodrugs for inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication.
2003 Jul
Nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 9-[2- (phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (9,8aPMEA), the 8-aza derivative of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] adenine (PMEA). Quantification of four isomeric species in aqueous solution.
2004
Quantification of isomeric equilibria formed by metal ion complexes of 8-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (8,8aPMEA) and 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (9,8aPMEA). Derivatives of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA).
2004 Dec
Phosphorothioate di- and trinucleotides as a novel class of anti-hepatitis B virus agents.
2004 Jun
In vitro selection of drug-resistant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) mutants (OKA strain): differences between acyclovir and penciclovir?
2004 Mar
Combinations of adefovir with nucleoside analogs produce additive antiviral effects against hepatitis B virus in vitro.
2004 Oct
Antiviral potential of a new generation of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, the 6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidines.
2005
Cross-resistance testing of next-generation nucleoside and nucleotide analogues against lamivudine-resistant HBV.
2005
cycloSal-PMEA and cycloAmb-PMEA: potentially new phosphonate prodrugs based on the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach.
2005 Dec 15
Acid-base and metal-ion-binding properties of 9-[2-(2-phosphonoethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PEEA), a relative of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA). An exercise on the quantification of isomeric complex equilibria in solution.
2005 Jul 11
Novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues with potent anti-hepatitis B virus activities.
2005 Mar
Susceptibilities of several clinical varicella-zoster virus (VZV) isolates and drug-resistant VZV strains to bicyclic furano pyrimidine nucleosides.
2005 Mar
Spectrum of antiviral activity of o-(acetoxyphenyl)hept-2-ynyl sulphide (APHS).
2005 May
The flounder organic anion transporter fOat has sequence, function, and substrate specificity similarity to both mammalian Oat1 and Oat3.
2006 Dec
Cellular and virological mechanisms of HBV drug resistance.
2006 Feb
Virologic response and resistance to adefovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
2006 Feb
Purine P1 receptor-dependent immunostimulatory effects of antiviral acyclic analogues of adenine and 2,6-diaminopurine.
2006 Jan 13
In vivo effects of antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonate 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (adefovir) on cytochrome P450 system of rat liver microsomes.
2006 May
Improved outcome of chronic hepatitis B after heart transplantation by long-term antiviral therapy.
2006 Nov
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl esters of acyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphonates against HIV-1 in vitro.
2006 Oct
Successful treatment of an entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus variant.
2007 Dec
Pronounced in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral activity of 5-substituted 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy] pyrimidines.
2007 Jan
Design and synthesis of novel bis(L-amino acid) ester prodrugs of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) with improved anti-HBV activity.
2007 Jan 15
Substrate overlap between Mrp4 and Abcg2/Bcrp affects purine analogue drug cytotoxicity and tissue distribution.
2007 Jul 15
Redetection of HBV lamivudine-resistant mutations in a patient under entecavir therapy, who had been treated sequentially with nucleos(t)ide analogues.
2007 Nov
Secretion of antiretroviral chemokines by human cells cultured with acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
2007 Nov 21
In vitro drug susceptibility analysis of hepatitis B virus clinical quasispecies populations.
2007 Oct
Combination therapy in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis B virus without hepatitis B immune globulin.
2007 Oct
Prophylaxsis against recurrance of hepatitis B virus after liver transplantation: a retrospective analysis spanning 20 years.
2008 Jan
[Factors affecting initial virologic response and emergence of resistant mutants after adefovir treatment in lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients].
2008 Mar
Short-term overlap lamivudine treatment with adefovir dipivoxil in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B.
2008 Mar 21
Gene induction for the treatment of methylmalonic aciduria.
2009 Apr
Renal side effects of adefovir in hepatitis B virus-(HBV) positive kidney allograft recipients.
2009 Jan
Patents

Sample Use Guides

One tablet containing 10 mg adefovir dipivoxil once daily orally
Route of Administration: Oral
The concentration of adefovir that inhibited 50% of viral DNA synthesis (EC50) in HBV transfected human hepatoma cell lines ranged from 0.2 to 2.5 uM.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
Edited
by admin
on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
Record UNII
6GQP90I798
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
ADEFOVIR
INN   MART.   MI   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
USAN   INN  
Official Name English
adefovir [INN]
Common Name English
ADEFOVIR [VANDF]
Common Name English
GS 0393
Code English
ADEFOVIR [USAN]
Common Name English
[[2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]methyl]phosphonic acid
Systematic Name English
PHOSPHONIC ACID, ((2-(6-AMINO-9H-PURIN-9-YL)ETHOXY)METHYL)-
Common Name English
Adefovir [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
PMEA
Common Name English
GS-0393
Code English
9-(2-(PHOSPHONOMETHOXY)ETHYL)ADENINE
Systematic Name English
ADEFOVIR [MI]
Common Name English
9-(2-PHOSPHONYLMETHOXYETHYL)ADENINE
Common Name English
ADEFOVIR [MART.]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NDF-RT N0000175459
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000175459
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C97452
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
LIVERTOX NBK548633
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000175656
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000009947
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000175459
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
CHEBI
134512
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
INN
7313
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL484
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C61526
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
M1409
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
DAILYMED
6GQP90I798
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
6GQP90I798
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID6046214
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
106941-25-7
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
16521
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
MESH
C053001
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Adefovir
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000090470
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
USAN
GG-19
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
60172
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB05264MIG
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
Adefovir
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB13868
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
HSDB
8079
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
2469
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 23:12:51 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
TRANSPORTER -> SUBSTRATE
TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR
TRANSPORTER -> SUBSTRATE
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PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE
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ACTIVE MOIETY