U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C20H32N5O8P
Molecular Weight 501.4705
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL

SMILES

CC(C)(C)C(=O)OCOP(=O)(COCCN1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C

InChI

InChIKey=WOZSCQDILHKSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C20H32N5O8P/c1-19(2,3)17(26)30-11-32-34(28,33-12-31-18(27)20(4,5)6)13-29-8-7-25-10-24-14-15(21)22-9-23-16(14)25/h9-10H,7-8,11-13H2,1-6H3,(H2,21,22,23)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C20H32N5O8P
Molecular Weight 501.4705
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14498759 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-387-49785-3_33

The potential antiviral effect of adefovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analog of 2′-deoxyadenosine monophosphate, was first studied by Holý and De Clercq in 1980s. Adefovir is an acyclic nucleotide analog of adenosine monophosphate which is phosphorylated to the active metabolite adefovir diphosphate by cellular kinases. Adefovir diphosphate inhibits HBV DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) by competing with the natural substrate deoxyadenosine triphosphate and by causing DNA chain termination after its incorporation into viral DNA. Oral adefovir dipivoxil is effective and generally well tolerated in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients chronically infected with wild-type or lamivudine-resistant HBV.

Originator

Curator's Comment: (De Clercq et al., 1986, 1987; Holý et al., 1999, 2002)

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
HEPSERA

Approved Use

HEPSERA is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients 12 years of age and older with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active disease. This indication is based on histological, virological, biochemical, and serological responses in adult patients with HBeAg+ and HBeAg- chronic hepatitis B with compensated liver function, and with clinical evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus with either compensated or decompensated liver function. For patients 12 to <18 years of age, the indication is based on virological and biochemical responses in patients with HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B virus infection with compensated liver function. HEPSERA is a nucleotide analogue indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients ≥12 years of age. (1)

Launch Date

1.03248003E12
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
18.4 ng/mL
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ADEFOVIR plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
220 ng × h/mL
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ADEFOVIR plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.48 h
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ADEFOVIR plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
96%
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ADEFOVIR plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years
n = 15
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 12 - 17 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 15
Sources:
Other AEs: Rhinorrhea, Sneezing...
Other AEs:
Rhinorrhea (1 patient)
Sneezing (1 patient)
Blister (1 patient)
Sources:
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 2 - 6 years
n = 13
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 2 - 6 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 13
Sources:
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Other AEs: Headache, Vertigo...
Other AEs:
Headache (1 patient)
Vertigo (1 patient)
Disturbance in attention (1 patient)
Disorder eye (1 patient)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Blister 1 patient
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years
n = 15
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 12 - 17 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 15
Sources:
Rhinorrhea 1 patient
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years
n = 15
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 12 - 17 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 15
Sources:
Sneezing 1 patient
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 12 - 17 years
n = 15
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 12 - 17 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 15
Sources:
Disorder eye 1 patient
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Disturbance in attention 1 patient
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Headache 1 patient
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Vertigo 1 patient
0.3 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.3 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 7 - 11 years
n = 19
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis B
Age Group: 7 - 11 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 19
Sources:
Overview

OverviewOther

Drug as perpetrator​Drug as victim
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Early therapy of feline leukemia virus infection (FeLV-FAIDS) with 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA).
1991 Jul
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a phosphonate prodrug: bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine.
1992 Sep
Selective activity of various antiviral compounds against HHV-7 infection.
1999 Aug
Susceptibility of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus to other reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
1999 Jun
Sensitivity of L-(-)2,3-dideoxythiacytidine resistant hepatitis B virus to other antiviral nucleoside analogues.
1999 Jun 15
In vivo anti-papillomavirus activity of nucleoside analogues including cidofovir on CRPV-induced rabbit papillomas.
2000 Nov
A new acyclic heterodinucleotide active against human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus.
2000 Sep
Prevention and inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth by antiviral phosphonated nucleoside analogs.
2001 Nov 1
Antiviral agents active against human herpesviruses HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8.
2001 Nov-Dec
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel nucleoside and nucleotide analogues as agents against DNA viruses and/or retroviruses.
2001 Oct 25
In vitro susceptibilities of wild-type or drug-resistant hepatitis B virus to (-)-beta-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane and 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil.
2001 Sep
Raman spectroscopy study of acid-base and structural properties of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine in aqueous solutions.
2002
Novel nucleoside analogue MCC-478 (LY582563) is effective against wild-type or lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus.
2002 Aug
Cidofovir in the treatment of poxvirus infections.
2002 Jul
Antivaccinia activities of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate derivatives in epithelial cells and organotypic cultures.
2002 Nov
In vitro activity of potential anti-poxvirus agents.
2003 Jan
Effect of the G1896A precore mutation on drug sensitivity and replication yield of lamivudine-resistant HBV in vitro.
2003 Jan
Intrinsic acid-base properties of purine derivatives in aqueous solution and comparison of the acidifying effects of platinum(II) coordinated to N1 or N7: acidifying effects are reciprocal and the proton "outruns" divalent metal ions.
2003 Jan 13
5-Substituted-2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]pyrimidines-acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues with antiviral activity.
2003 Nov 6
Intramolecular stacking interactions in ternary copper(II) complexes formed by a heteroaromatic amine and 9-[2-(2-phosphonoethoxy)ethyl]adenine, a relative of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine.
2004 Dec
Evaluation of antiviral activity against human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by a quantitative real-time PCR assay.
2004 Jun
Synthesis and antiviral activity of 2,4-diamino-5-cyano-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]pyrimidine and related compounds.
2004 Jun 15
In vitro selection of drug-resistant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) mutants (OKA strain): differences between acyclovir and penciclovir?
2004 Mar
Inactivity of the bicyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues against simian varicella virus (SVV) does not correlate with their substrate activity for SVV-encoded thymidine kinase.
2004 Mar 19
Combinations of adefovir with nucleoside analogs produce additive antiviral effects against hepatitis B virus in vitro.
2004 Oct
Antiviral potential of a new generation of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, the 6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidines.
2005
Cross-resistance testing of next-generation nucleoside and nucleotide analogues against lamivudine-resistant HBV.
2005
Deoxythreosyl phosphonate nucleosides as selective anti-HIV agents.
2005 Apr 13
cycloSal-PMEA and cycloAmb-PMEA: potentially new phosphonate prodrugs based on the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach.
2005 Dec 15
Acid-base and metal-ion-binding properties of 9-[2-(2-phosphonoethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PEEA), a relative of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA). An exercise on the quantification of isomeric complex equilibria in solution.
2005 Jul 11
Susceptibilities of several clinical varicella-zoster virus (VZV) isolates and drug-resistant VZV strains to bicyclic furano pyrimidine nucleosides.
2005 Mar
Spectrum of antiviral activity of o-(acetoxyphenyl)hept-2-ynyl sulphide (APHS).
2005 May
Introduction to chronic hepatitis B infection.
2006
In vitro comparison of antiviral drugs against feline herpesvirus 1.
2006 Apr 26
The flounder organic anion transporter fOat has sequence, function, and substrate specificity similarity to both mammalian Oat1 and Oat3.
2006 Dec
Cellular and virological mechanisms of HBV drug resistance.
2006 Feb
Virologic response and resistance to adefovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
2006 Feb
Purine P1 receptor-dependent immunostimulatory effects of antiviral acyclic analogues of adenine and 2,6-diaminopurine.
2006 Jan 13
In vivo effects of antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonate 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (adefovir) on cytochrome P450 system of rat liver microsomes.
2006 May
Improved outcome of chronic hepatitis B after heart transplantation by long-term antiviral therapy.
2006 Nov
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl esters of acyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphonates against HIV-1 in vitro.
2006 Oct
Favorable outcome of liver transplantation despite a high hepatitis B virus replication: beyond the limits?
2006 Sep
Successful treatment of an entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus variant.
2007 Dec
Substrate overlap between Mrp4 and Abcg2/Bcrp affects purine analogue drug cytotoxicity and tissue distribution.
2007 Jul 15
[Factors affecting initial virologic response and emergence of resistant mutants after adefovir treatment in lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients].
2008 Mar
Short-term overlap lamivudine treatment with adefovir dipivoxil in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B.
2008 Mar 21
Patents

Sample Use Guides

One tablet containing 10 mg adefovir dipivoxil once daily orally
Route of Administration: Oral
The concentration of adefovir that inhibited 50% of viral DNA synthesis (EC50) in HBV transfected human hepatoma cell lines ranged from 0.2 to 2.5 uM.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
Edited
by admin
on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
Record UNII
U6Q8Z01514
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL
EMA EPAR   MART.   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
USAN  
Official Name English
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL [VANDF]
Common Name English
ADEFOVIR PIVOXIL [JAN]
Common Name English
GS-0840
Code English
PROPANOIC ACID, 2,2-DIMETHYL-, (((2-(6-AMINO-9H-PURIN-9-YL)ETHOXY)METHYL)PHOSPHINYLIDENE)BIS(OXYMETHYLENE) ESTER
Common Name English
HEPSERA
Brand Name English
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL [MART.]
Common Name English
[[2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]methyl]phosphonic acid, diester with hydroxymethyl pivalate
Common Name English
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL [EMA EPAR]
Common Name English
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
Adefovir dipivoxil [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
ADEFOVIR DI(PIVALOYLOXYMETHYL) ESTER
MI  
Common Name English
9-(2-((BIS((PIVALOYLOXY)METHOXY)PHOSPHINYL)METHOXY)ETHYL)ADENINE
Systematic Name English
ADEFOVIR PIVOXIL
JAN  
Common Name English
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL [USAN]
Common Name English
ADEFOVIR DI(PIVALOYLOXYMETHYL) ESTER [MI]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS HEPSERA (AUTHORIZED: HEPTATIS B, CHRONIC)
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
WHO-VATC QJ05AF08
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC J05AF08
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C97452
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
SMS_ID
100000093015
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB12454MIG
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID5046487
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
U6Q8Z01514
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00718
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C28811
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
USAN
HH-36
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
141400
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
DAILYMED
U6Q8Z01514
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
C106812
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
88
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
M1409
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
CHEBI
31175
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL922
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
142340-99-6
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
60871
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 23:16:56 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
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