ZONISAMIDE

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C8H8N2O3S
Molecular Weight	212.226
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

NS(=O)(=O)CC1=NOC2=C1C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=UBQNRHZMVUUOMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C8H8N2O3S/c9-14(11,12)5-7-6-3-1-2-4-8(6)13-10-7/h1-4H,5H2,(H2,9,11,12)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C8H8N2O3S
Molecular Weight	212.226
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020789s022s025lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including

Zonisamide is an antiseizure drug chemically classified as a sulfonamide and unrelated to other antiseizure agents. The precise mechanism by which zonisamide exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, although it is believed that the drug blocks sodium and calcium channels, which leads to the suppression of neuronal hypersynchronization (i.e. convulsions). Sonisamide has also been found to potentiate dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission but does not appear to potentiate syanptic activity by GABA (gamma amino butyric acid). Zonisamide binds to sodium channels and voltage sensitive calcium channels, which suppresses neuronal depolarization and hypersynchronization. Zonisamide also inhibits carbonic anhydrase to a weaker extent, but such an effect is not thought to contribute substantially to the drug's anticonvulsant activity. Zonisamide is approved in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia for adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults and in Japan for both adjunctive and monotherapy for partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized), generalized (tonic, tonic-clonic (grand mal), and atypical absence) and combined seizures.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Sodium channel alpha subunit 72 Target ID: CHEMBL2331043 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020789s022s025lbl.pdf \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15511691 \| https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00909	Inhibitor 8228
Carbonic anhydrase II 88 Target ID: CHEMBL205 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25882523	Inhibitor 8228	35.0 nM [Ki]
Carbonic anhydrase I 62 Target ID: CHEMBL261 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25882523	Inhibitor 8228	56.0 nM [Ki]
Monoamine oxidase B 72 Target ID: CHEMBL2039 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948168	Inhibitor 8228	25.0 µM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Epilepsy 122 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020789s022s025lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8360	ZONEGRAN Approved Use ZONEGRAN is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. Launch Date 9.5402879E11

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
18.4 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15496640	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		ZONISAMIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
197.4 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15496640	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		ZONISAMIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
63 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020789s012lbl.pdf	unknown, oral		ZONISAMIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
60% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020789s012lbl.pdf	unknown, oral		ZONISAMIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
7.5 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 7.5 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 7.5 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631	unhealthy, 15 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 15 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631	Other AEs: Coma... Other AEs: Coma (1%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631
8.7 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 8.7 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 8.7 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261	unhealthy, 20 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 20 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261	Other AEs: Emesis... Other AEs: Emesis (1%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261
12.6 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 12.6 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12.6 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969	unhealthy, 25 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 25 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969	Other AEs: Vomiting, Somnolence... Other AEs: Vomiting (1%) Somnolence (1%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969
300 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15144425	unhealthy, 35 years (range: 17.9-64.1 years) n = 51 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: refractory partial epilepsy Age Group: 35 years (range: 17.9-64.1 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15144425	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15144425
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Somnolence, Fatigue... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Somnolence (6%) Fatigue (6%) Ataxia (6%) Anorexia (3%) Attention concentration difficulty (2%) Memory impairment (2%) Mental retardation (2%) Nausea (2%) Vomiting (2%) Weight loss (1%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Coma	1%	7.5 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 7.5 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 7.5 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631	unhealthy, 15 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 15 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631
Emesis	1%	8.7 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 8.7 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 8.7 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261	unhealthy, 20 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 20 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261
Somnolence	1%	12.6 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 12.6 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12.6 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969	unhealthy, 25 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 25 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969
Vomiting	1%	12.6 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 12.6 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12.6 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969	unhealthy, 25 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 25 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969
Weight loss	1% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Attention concentration difficulty	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Memory impairment	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Mental retardation	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Nausea	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Vomiting	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Anorexia	3% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Ataxia	6% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Fatigue	6% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Somnolence	6% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult n = 1336 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1336 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
substrate 1709 inhibitor 1579	inhibitor 1752	inhibitor 1837

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A2 1509 CYP2A6 704 CYP2B6 799 CYP2C8 901 CYP2E1 876 P-gp 1437 UGT 34 BSEP 401 MRP2 367 MRP3 157 MRP4 203 CYP2C19 1463	UGT 187 P-gp 1527 BCRP 555 CYP3A5 391 CYP2C19 985	CYP 76 UGT 29

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
BSEP 402	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
MRP2 459	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
MRP3 208	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
MRP4 237	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
CYP 146	inducer 1542 Sources: https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Zonegran-zonisamide-2237	no
UGT 58	inducer 1542 Sources: https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Zonegran-zonisamide-2237	no
UGT 58	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Zonegran-zonisamide-2237	no
P-gp 1626	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=4 Page: (Label) 4	weak [IC50 267 uM]
CYP3A4 1909	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 \| https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2009/P200900005/400093000_22100AMX00397000_I100_1.pdf#page=20 Page: (Label) 3, (PMDA_I100) 20	weak [Ki 1076 uM]
CYP1A2 1673	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2A6 736	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2B6 985	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2C19 1537	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2C8 955	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2C9 1803	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2E1 964	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2D6 1875	inhibitor 3240 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak	yes (co-administration study) Comment: <25% inhibition at levels approximately two-fold or greater than clinically relevant unbound serum concentrations. ; Coadministration of multiple dosing of zonisamide did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of desipramine (CYP2D6 substrate). Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
CYP3A4 1709	substrate 3326 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=2 \| https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2009/P200900005/400093000_22100AMX00397000_I100_1.pdf#page=20 Page: (Label) 2, (PMDA_I100) 20	major [Km 312 uM]	yes (co-administration study) Comment: The half-life of zonisamide following a 400 mg dose in patients concurrently on enzyme-inducing AEDs such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, or phenobarbital was between 27-38 hours (46 hr on the non-enzyme inducing AED, valproate). Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=2 \| https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2009/P200900005/400093000_22100AMX00397000_I100_1.pdf#page=20 Page: (Label) 2, (PMDA_I100) 20
CYP3A5 391	substrate 3326 Sources: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00909 \| https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9626925/	minor [Km 179 uM]
CYP2C19 985	substrate 3326 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11996015/ \| https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9626925/	minor [Km 188 uM]
BCRP 555	substrate 3326 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33307160/	yes
P-gp 1527	substrate 3326 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16997908/	yes
UGT 187	substrate 3326 Sources: https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Zonegran-zonisamide-2237	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:10127	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:10127
ChemicalBook	CB0252441	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB0252441
MolPort	MolPort-002-507-855	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-002-507-855
Selleck Chemicals	Zonisamide	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Zonisamide.html
ZINC	ZINC000000004321	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000004321
eMolecules	902702	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=902702

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Concerns with antiepileptic drug initiation: safety, tolerability, and efficacy.	2001	11564122
Second generation anticonvulsant medications: their use in children.	2001 Apr	11885112
Newer antiepileptic drugs: advantages and disadvantages.	2001 Aug	11504596
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use of the new antiepileptic drugs.	2001 Dec	11860529
Zonisamide has beneficial effects on Parkinson's disease patients.	2001 Dec	11755227
Contrasting effects of zonisamide and acetazolamide on amygdaloid kindling in rats.	2001 Nov	11879338
Regional accumulation of 14C-zonisamide in rat brain during kainic acid-induced limbic seizures.	2001 Nov	11766778
Zonisamide in West syndrome.	2001 Nov	11701273
Influence of oral adsorbent AST-120 on anticonvulsive effect of zonisamide in rats.	2001 Oct-Nov	11701210
[Efficacy of anticonvulsants on acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures (AERRPS)].	2001 Sep	11558140
Levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, remacemide and zonisamide for drug resistant localization-related epilepsy: a systematic review.	2001 Sep	11518627
Protein-losing cytomegalovirus gastritis in a patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2002	12239465
New and emerging prophylactic agents for migraine.	2002	12153333
Treatment of epilepsy in women of reproductive age: pharmacokinetic considerations.	2002	12102641
Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and hormonal contraception.	2002	11945109
Effect of antiepileptic drugs on cognitive function in individuals with epilepsy: a comparative review of newer versus older agents.	2002	11893228
The 'number needed to treat' with levetiracetam (LEV): comparison with the other new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).	2002 Apr	12185762
Third generation anticonvulsants in bipolar disorder: a review of efficacy and summary of clinical recommendations.	2002 Apr	12000201
Antiepileptic drug therapy for adults: when to initiate and how to choose.	2002 Dec	12479527
Exocytosis mechanism as a new targeting site for mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs.	2002 Dec 20	12467887
[A case of epilepsy after therapy with interferon-alpha-treated chronic hepatitis C].	2002 Feb	11877953
Smoldering myeloma associated with zonisamide treatment.	2002 Feb	11868602
New antiepileptic drugs: review on drug interactions.	2002 Feb	11805729
Marketed new antiepileptic drugs: are they better than old-generation agents?	2002 Feb	11805726
Using the new antiepilepsy drugs in children.	2002 Jan	11918465
Three new drugs for epilepsy: levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and zonisamide.	2002 Jan	11918464
Newer therapies in the drug treatment of epilepsy.	2002 Jan	11816240
Unverricht-Lundborg disease with cystatin B gene abnormalities.	2002 Jan	11814737
[A case of infantile epileptic encephalopathy with frequent focal motor status convulsivus: successful treatment with zonisamide].	2002 Jan	11808207
Some common issues in the use of antiepileptic drugs.	2002 Mar	12170391
Oral high-dose phenobarbital therapy for early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.	2002 Mar	11955931
Interaction between carbamazepine, zonisamide and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel on acetylcholine release in rat frontal cortex.	2002 Mar	11948007
Pharmacokinetics of zonisamide in perinatal period.	2002 Mar	11891100
Effects of endogenous steroids on CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism by human liver microsomes.	2002 May	11950784
Antipsychotic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant drugs induce type II nitric oxide synthase mRNA in rat brain.	2002 Nov 29	12429386
[A case of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria with epileptic attacks of focal inhibitory seizure followed by complex partial seizure].	2002 Oct	12739383
Kidney stones, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and the ketogenic diet.	2002 Oct	12366731
Selective mutism and obsessive compulsive disorders associated with zonisamide.	2002 Oct	12237077
A casuistic rationale for the treatment of spastic and myocloni in a childhood neurodegenerative disease: neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis of the type Jansky-Bielschowsky.	2002 Oct-Dec	12500158
[Monitoring serum levels of new antiepileptics].	2002 Sep	12373664
Pharmacokinetics of mood stabilizers and new anticonvulsants.	2002 Winter	12397847
Clinical care of pregnant women with epilepsy: neural tube defects and folic acid supplementation.	2003	12790884
Oligohydrosis and hyperthermia: pilot study of a novel topiramate adverse effect.	2003 Apr	12760427
Effects of concomitant antiepileptic drugs on serum carbamazepine concentration in epileptic patients: quantitative analysis based on extracellular water volume as a transforming factor.	2003 Jan	12607943
Visual hallucinations associated with zonisamide.	2003 Jan	12523465
Zonisamide-induced restless legs syndrome.	2003 Jan 14	12525743
Acute zonisamide overdose: a death revisited.	2003 Jun	12776795
The effect of systemic zonisamide (Zonegran) on thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in rats with an experimental mononeuropathy.	2003 Jun	12761000
Effects of valproate, phenytoin, and zonisamide on clonic and tonic seizures induced by acute and repeated exposure of mice to flurothyl.	2003 Mar	12676283
[A five-year-old girl with epilepsy showing forced normalization due to zonisamide].	2003 May	12755059

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

ZONEGRAN (zonisamide) is recommended as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial seizures in adults. Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below the age of 16 have not been established. ZONEGRAN should be administered once or twice daily, using 25 mg or 100 mg capsules. ZONEGRAN is given orally and can be taken with or without food. Capsules should be swallowed whole.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

In vitro studies have demonstrated that zonisamide (10–30 ug/mL) suppresses synaptically-driven electrical activity without affecting postsynaptic GABA or glutamate responses (cultured mouse spinal cord neurons) or neuronal or glial uptake of [3H]-GABA (rat hippocampal slices).

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Thu Jul 06 23:09:13 UTC 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Thu Jul 06 23:09:13 UTC 2023`
Record UNII	459384H98V
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

ZONISAMIDE

Official Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

ZONISADE

Brand Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [EMA EPAR]

Common Name

English

AD-810

Code

English

CI-912

Code

English

N03AX15

Code

English

1,2-BENZISOXAZOLE-3-METHANESULFONAMIDE

Systematic Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [USAN]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

ZONEGRAN

Brand Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

zonisamide [INN]

Common Name

English

Zonisamide [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [JAN]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

PD-110843

Code

English

ZONISAMIDE [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

EXCEGRAN

Brand Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-ATC

N03AX15