Sotagliflozin (LX4211) is an orally-delivered small molecule compound that is currently in development for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sotagliflozin (LX4211) inhibits both sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2, or SGLT2, a transporter responsible for most of the glucose reabsorption performed by the kidney, and sodium-glucose cotransporter type 1, or SGLT1, a transporter responsible for glucose and galactose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and to a lesser extent than SGLT2, glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Combining SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibition in a single molecule would provide complementary insulin-independent mechanisms to treat diabetes.

Maribavir (previously known as 1263W94) is a novel benzimidazole riboside compound. This drug was in phase III of clinical trial for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in transplant patients, sponsored by ViroPharma. However, drug failed to demonstrate a higher efficacy rate than the placebo. Maribavir has activity against cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), but not against other human herpesviruses. Maribavir’s mechanism of action is unique and is complex compared to the currently approved antivirals for CMV. Maribavir inhibits the viral UL97 kinase rather than the viral DNA polymerase. The UL97 kinase is important for viral DNA elongation, DNA packaging, and nuclear egress of encapsidated viral DNA. In addition, maribavir inhibits the EBV DNA polymerase processivity factor (BMRF1), reduces the level of certain EBV glycoproteins, and inhibits viral transcription. However, future work will be designed to address the interaction of MBV and BGLF4 and to evaluate the mechanisms through which maribavir downregulates viral transcripts. BGLF4 belongs to the family of conserved herpesvirus PKs, which includes HCMV UL97, HSV UL13, and HSV US3. Maribavir does need to be phosphorylated for its activity.

Estetrol is the natural human fetal selective estrogen receptor modulator. It is synthesized exclusively by the human fetal liver during pregnancy. Estetrol has a moderate affinity for human estrogen A receptor (ERa) and estrogen B receptor (ERb). Estetrol may be suitable as a potential drug for human use in applications such as hormone replacement therapy (vaginal atrophy, hot flushes), contraception and osteoporosis. The most common drug-related adverse events were lower abdominal pain, nausea, headache, dysmenorrhoea, breast enlargement and acne. Estetrol had been in clinical trials for the treatment of breast and prostate cancers.

Fluoroestradiol F-18 is a derivative of estradiol. where hydrogen at position 16 is replaced by radioactive fluorine. Fluoroestradiol F-18 is taken up by tumor cells, expression estrogen receptor, and it is clinically evaluated for PET imaging to detect and stage breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and cancer of uterine endometrium and myometrium.

Artenimol (dihydroartemisinin) is a derivate of antimalarial compound artemisinin. Artenimol (dihydroartemisinin) is able to reach high concentrations within the parasitized erythrocytes. Its endoperoxide bridge is thought to be essential for its antimalarial activity, causing free-radical damage to parasite membrane systems including: • Inhibition of falciparum sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, • Interference with mitochondrial electron transport • Interference with parasite transport proteins • Disruption of parasite mitochondrial function. Dihydroartemisinin in combination with piperaquine tetraphosphate (Eurartesim, EMA-approved in 2011) is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The formulation meets WHO recommendations, which advise combination treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria to reduce the risk of resistance development, with artemisinin-based preparations regarded as the ‘policy standard’. However, experimental testing demonstrates that, due to its intrinsic chemical instability, dihydroartemisinin is not suitable to be used in pharmaceutical formulations. In addition, data show that the currently available dihydroartemisinin preparations fail to meet the internationally accepted stability requirements.

Cantharidin is a toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). Cantharidin is a medication used to remove warts and a viral skin infection called molluscum contagiosum. It is made from the secretions that come from the green blister beetle in combination with salicylic acid. It works by creating a blister just below the wart, which pushes the wart up and away from the underlying tissue, cutting of the blood supply to the wart. As the blister and the wart dry out, they both slough off, leaving fresh, unmarred skin behind. It is also used as an experimental anti-tumor agent. Several studies also show potential novel applications of cantharidin in acquired perforating dermatosis, acute herpes zoster, and leishmaniasis. In 1962, cantharidin lost Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval owing to the failure of its manufacturers to submit data attesting to cantharidin's efficacy. However, in 1999, the FDA included cantharidin on its “Bulk Substances List” of drugs which although not available as commercial products, were approved for compounding on a customized basis for individual patients.

Plazomicin is a novel aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Plazomicin displays a broad spectrum of activity against aerobic gram-negative bacteria including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and organisms with aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Plazomicin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is via modification of the ribosomal binding site due to expression of 16S rRNA methyltransferases. ZEMDRI (plazomicin) injection for intravenous use is indicated for the treatment of patients 18 years of age or older with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI) including Pyelonephritis.

Deflazacort is a glucocorticoid developed for the treatment of different inflammatory and immune conditions. The drug is rapidly metabolized to an active metabolite, 21-hydroxy-deflazaxort that may cross the blood brain barrier. Deflazacort acts by suppressing inflammatory response.