U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C15H24O5
Molecular Weight 284.3481
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 8 / 8
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of .ALPHA.-DIHYDROARTEMISININ

SMILES

[H][C@@]12CC[C@@H](C)[C@]3([H])CC[C@@]4(C)OO[C@@]13[C@]([H])(O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2C)O4

InChI

InChIKey=BJDCWCLMFKKGEE-KDTBHNEXSA-N
InChI=1S/C15H24O5/c1-8-4-5-11-9(2)12(16)17-13-15(11)10(8)6-7-14(3,18-13)19-20-15/h8-13,16H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t8-,9-,10+,11+,12-,13-,14-,15-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036668/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8891104

Sodium artesunate, an artemisinin derivative, is used in malaria treatment. Artesunate, has been licensed in Thailand for the treatment of falciparum malaria since 1990. It is a potent antimalarial drug that can reduce parasitaemia by 90% within 24 h of administration. Sodium artesunate was first isolated in China, it is a water soluble antimalaria used clinically in China.

CNS Activity

CNS Penetrant
2523
Curator's Comment: Active metabolite of artesunate was detected in CSF after intravenous administration of artesunate.

Originator

Egyesult Gyogyszer es Tapszergyar
15
Sources: http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800023198https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8891104Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan (1982), 2, (2), 99-103.
Curator's Comment: Indicated originators are originators of Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine formulation. Originator of Dihydroartemisinin is unknown.

Approval Year

2020
842
Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Inhibitor
8228
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
16
Target ID: P06685
Gene ID: 24211.0
Gene Symbol: Atp1a1
Target Organism: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Inhibitor
8228
Inhibitor
8228
 4.1 nM [IC50]
Inhibitor
8228
Inhibitor
8228
Inhibitor
8228
DNA
247
Target ID: CHEMBL2311221
Binding Agent
1059
DNA
247
Target ID: CHEMBL2366043
Binding Agent
1059
Binding Agent
1059
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Approved
8360
Sodium artesunate

Approved Use

Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Curative
Approved
8360
Eurartesim

Approved Use

Eurartesim tablets (piperaquine tetraphosphate in combination with dihydroartemisinin) are indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adults, children and infants aged ≥6 months and weighing ≥5kg.

Launch Date

1.31958715E12
Curative
Approved
8360
Unknown

Approved Use

Although not FDA-approved for use in the United States, artesunate is used as the treatment of choice for severe malaria by the World Health Organization (WHO) over quinidine.
Curative
Phase III
663
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Primary
Phase II
1144
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Primary
Phase I
424
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Primary
Phase I
424
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Primary
Phase I
424
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
3.1 μg/mL
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
2.4 mg/kg multiple, intravenous
dose: 2.4 mg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARTENIMOL unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
3.3 μg/mL
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
2.4 mg/kg multiple, intravenous
dose: 2.4 mg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARTESUNATE unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
3.5 μg × h/mL
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
2.4 mg/kg multiple, intravenous
dose: 2.4 mg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARTENIMOL unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
0.7 μg × h/mL
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
2.4 mg/kg multiple, intravenous
dose: 2.4 mg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARTESUNATE unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1.3 h
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
2.4 mg/kg multiple, intravenous
dose: 2.4 mg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARTENIMOL unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
0.3 h
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
2.4 mg/kg multiple, intravenous
dose: 2.4 mg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARTESUNATE unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7%
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
2.4 mg/kg multiple, intravenous
dose: 2.4 mg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARTENIMOL unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
7%
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
2.4 mg/kg multiple, intravenous
dose: 2.4 mg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARTESUNATE unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Other AEs: Anemia, Transaminases increased...
Other AEs:
Anemia (65%)
Transaminases increased (27%)
Thrombocytopenia (18%)
Hyperbilirubinemia (14%)
Acute renal failure (10%)
Leukocytosis (10%)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (8%)
Lymphopenia (7%)
Neutropenia (5%)
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (3%)
Creatinine increased (3%)
Pneumonia (3%)
Pulmonary edema (3%)
Diarrhea (3%)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Studied dose
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
unhealthy, 15-35 years
n = 31
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Uncomplicated Malaria
Age Group: 15-35 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 31
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
Other AEs: Nausea, Dizziness...
Other AEs:
Nausea (grade 1, 45%)
Dizziness (grade 1, 52%)
Vomiting (grade 1, 26%)
Convulsions (grade 1, 3%)
Bradycardia (grade 1, 23%)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous|oral (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous|oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125588/
unhealthy, 2-87 years
n = 730
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 2-87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 730
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125588/
Other AEs: Acute renal failure, Hemoglobinuria...
Other AEs:
Acute renal failure (8.9%)
Hemoglobinuria (6.7%)
Jaundice (2.3%)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125588/
25 mg/kg 2 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
unhealthy, 58 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: advanced solid tumor malignancies
Age Group: 58 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
DLT: Nausea, Vomiting...
Dose limiting toxicities:
Nausea (grade 3, 1 patient)
Vomiting (grade 3, 1 patient)
ALT increased (grade 3-4, 1 patient)
Neutropenic infection (grade 3-4, 1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
18 mg/kg 2 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
MTD
Dose: 18 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 18 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
unhealthy, 58 years
n = 6
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: advanced solid tumor malignancies
Age Group: 58 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 6
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
DLT: Hypersensitivity reaction...
Dose limiting toxicities:
Hypersensitivity reaction (grade 3, 1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
12 mg/kg 2 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Studied dose
Dose: 12 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 12 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
unhealthy, 58 years
n = 6
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: advanced solid tumor malignancies
Age Group: 58 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 6
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
DLT: Neutropenic fever...
Dose limiting toxicities:
Neutropenic fever (grade 3, 1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Acute renal failure 10%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Leukocytosis 10%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Hyperbilirubinemia 14%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Thrombocytopenia 18%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Transaminases increased 27%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Creatinine increased 3%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Diarrhea 3%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 3%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Pneumonia 3%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Pulmonary edema 3%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Neutropenia 5%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Anemia 65%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Lymphopenia 7%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 8%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, 1-72 years
n = 92
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 1-72 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 92
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
Bradycardia grade 1, 23%
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Studied dose
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
unhealthy, 15-35 years
n = 31
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Uncomplicated Malaria
Age Group: 15-35 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 31
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
Vomiting grade 1, 26%
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Studied dose
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
unhealthy, 15-35 years
n = 31
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Uncomplicated Malaria
Age Group: 15-35 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 31
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
Convulsions grade 1, 3%
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Studied dose
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
unhealthy, 15-35 years
n = 31
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Uncomplicated Malaria
Age Group: 15-35 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 31
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
Nausea grade 1, 45%
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Studied dose
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
unhealthy, 15-35 years
n = 31
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Uncomplicated Malaria
Age Group: 15-35 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 31
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
Dizziness grade 1, 52%
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Studied dose
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
unhealthy, 15-35 years
n = 31
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Uncomplicated Malaria
Age Group: 15-35 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 31
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8205643/
Jaundice 2.3%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous|oral (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous|oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125588/
unhealthy, 2-87 years
n = 730
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 2-87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 730
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125588/
Hemoglobinuria 6.7%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous|oral (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous|oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125588/
unhealthy, 2-87 years
n = 730
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 2-87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 730
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125588/
Acute renal failure 8.9%
2.4 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous|oral (complex)
Recommended
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous|oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2.4 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125588/
unhealthy, 2-87 years
n = 730
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: malaria
Age Group: 2-87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 730
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213036s000lbl.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125588/
Nausea grade 3, 1 patient
DLT
25 mg/kg 2 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
unhealthy, 58 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: advanced solid tumor malignancies
Age Group: 58 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
Vomiting grade 3, 1 patient
DLT
25 mg/kg 2 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
unhealthy, 58 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: advanced solid tumor malignancies
Age Group: 58 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
ALT increased grade 3-4, 1 patient
DLT
25 mg/kg 2 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
unhealthy, 58 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: advanced solid tumor malignancies
Age Group: 58 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
Neutropenic infection grade 3-4, 1 patient
DLT
25 mg/kg 2 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 25 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
unhealthy, 58 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: advanced solid tumor malignancies
Age Group: 58 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
Hypersensitivity reaction grade 3, 1 patient
DLT
18 mg/kg 2 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
MTD
Dose: 18 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 18 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
unhealthy, 58 years
n = 6
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: advanced solid tumor malignancies
Age Group: 58 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 6
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
Neutropenic fever grade 3, 1 patient
DLT
12 mg/kg 2 times / 3 weeks multiple, intravenous
Studied dose
Dose: 12 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 12 mg/kg, 2 times / 3 weeks
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
unhealthy, 58 years
n = 6
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: advanced solid tumor malignancies
Age Group: 58 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 6
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392450
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG
inhibitor
1752
inhibitor
1837
inhibitor
1599

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer
CYP2B6
799

CYP2C19
1463

CYP3A4/5
273

CYP1A2
1509
UGT1A9
380

UGT2B7
389

P-gp
1527
CYP2A6
79

CYP3A
126
Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP1A2
1673
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2B6
985
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2B6
985
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
DHA
3
CYP2C19
1537
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C9
1803
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C9
1803
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
DHA
3
CYP2D6
1875
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2D6
1875
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
DHA
3
CYP3A4/5
330
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP3A4/5
330
 no [IC50 >100 uM]
DHA
3
CYP1A2
1673
 weak [IC50 32.3 uM]
DHA
3
CYP2C19
1537
 weak [IC50 75.4 uM]
DHA
3
CYP2A6
736
 yes
DHA
3
CYP3A
295
 yes
DHA
3
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
P-gp
1527
 no
DHA
3
UGT1A9
380
 yes
DHA
3
UGT2B7
389
 yes
DHA
3
Tox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
hERG
1632
DHA
3
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
ChEBI
CHEBI:63918
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:63918
MolPort
MolPort-006-392-384
https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-006-392-384
ZINC
ZINC000014096305
http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000014096305
eMolecules
1935656
https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=1935656
eMolecules
29933844
https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=29933844
eMolecules
31224737
https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=31224737
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Penetration of dihydroartemisinin into cerebrospinal fluid after administration of intravenous artesunate in severe falciparum malaria.
2003 Jan
Identification of human cytochrome P(450)s that metabolise anti-parasitic drugs and predictions of in vivo drug hepatic clearance from in vitro data.
2003 Sep
Randomized control trial of quinine and artesunate in complicated malaria.
2004 Apr
Mechanistic perspectives for 1,2,4-trioxanes in anti-cancer therapy.
2005 Feb-Apr
Glutathione-related enzymes contribute to resistance of tumor cells and low toxicity in normal organs to artesunate.
2005 Jan-Feb
Treatment of experimental nephrotic syndrome with artesunate.
2007 Jul-Aug
Artesunate-mefloquine combination therapy in acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in young children: a field study regarding neurological and neuropsychiatric safety.
2010 Oct 21
Artesunate induces apoptosis through caspase-dependent and -independent mitochondrial pathways in human myelodysplastic syndrome SKM-1 cells.
2014 Aug 5
Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
2014 Jan 20
Delayed anemia after treatment with injectable artesunate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a manageable issue.
2014 Oct
Utilization of human nuclear receptors as an early counter screen for off-target activity: a case study with a compendium of 615 known drugs.
2015 Jun
Untargeted Proteomics and Systems-Based Mechanistic Investigation of Artesunate in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells.
2015 Oct 19
Patents

Patents

20070275244
8
20090192216
3
20100184846
3
4791135
3
7678828
3
7790905
105
7914893
7
7927613
117
7956086
3
WO2002026226A1
3
WO2003075912A1
3
WO2004028476A3
3
WO2007017646A2
3
WO2007146288A2
3
WO2013167743A1
14

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Oral route is possible: One group of 45 patients received 400 mg of Sodium artesunate on the first day of treatment and then 200 mg daily for 4 days for a total of 1200 mg (group I: 5-day treatment). A second group of 46 patients received 400 mg of Sodium artesunate on the first day of treatment and then 200 mg daily for 6 days for a total of 1600 mg (group II: 7-day treatment). 5- or 7-day regimens of sodium artesunate with a total dose of 1200-1600 mg are effective and safe in treating falciparum malaria acquired in Thailand. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9241384
Eurartesim (piperaquine tetraphosphate (PQP)/ dihydroartemisinin (DHA)) should be taken over 3 consecutive days for a total of three doses taken at the same time each day. The tablets are available in two strengths: PQP 160mg/DHA 20mg and PQP 320mg/DHA 40mg. The dose is determined by the patient’s body weight.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
dihydroartemisinin at micromolar dose levels exhibits a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cell lines.
Name Type Language
.ALPHA.-DIHYDROARTEMISININ
Common Name English
DIHYDROARTIMISININ
Common Name English
3,12-EPOXY-12H-PYRANO(4,3-J)-1,2-BENZODIOXEPIN-10-OL, DECAHYDRO-3,6,9-TRIMETHYL-, (3R,5AS,6R,8AS,9R,10R,12R,12AR)-
Common Name English
3,12-EPOXY-12H-PYRANO(4,3-J)-1,2-BENZODIOXEPIN-10-OL, DECAHYDRO-3,6,9-TRIMETHYL-, (3R-(3.ALPHA.,5A.BETA.,6.BETA.,8A.BETA.,9.ALPHA.,10.BETA.,12.BETA.,12AR*))-
Common Name English
NSC-758682
Code English
Code System Code Type Description
CAS
81496-81-3
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DBMET00793
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
11358077
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
X0UIV26ABX
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
2584841
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
758682
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID5045962
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 12:00:41 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PARENT (METABOLITE)
Structure of ARTEMETHER
PRODRUG (METABOLITE ACTIVE)
Structure of ARTESUNATE
NIH
NCATS
PRIVACY ACT
ACCESSIBILITY
DISCLAIMER
HHS VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE
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