Monomethyl Auristatin E (MMAE) is an antimitotic agent which inhibits cell division by blocking the polymerization of tubulin. Monomethyl Auristatin E is the synthetic analog of the antineoplastic natural product Dolastatin 10, cannot be used as a drug itself. Monomethyl Auristatin E is commonly conjugated with monoclonal antibodies directed at antigens specific to cancer cells for tumor-directed cytotoxicity. MMAE is typically coupled to the antibody via a protease-cleavable linker, allowing separation of the drug from the antibody following intracellular localization. When coupled to cAC10, Monomethyl Auristatin E shows selective cytotoxicity in CD30+ cells and induces G2/M-phase growth arrest and cell death through the induction of apoptosis. When coupled to the anti-CD79b antibody, anti–CD79b-vcMMAE has very potent and broad activity across a large panel of NHL cell lines in vitro. When coupled to the anti-HER2 antibody, pertuzumab-vc-MMAE can also be effectively internalized and potently kill HER2 over-expressing tumor cells. In the Karpas 299 ALCL model, cAC10-vcMMAE induces complete, durable tumor regression, while free MMAE doesn’t produce detectable antitumor activity. In mouse xenograft models of NHL, anti–CD79b-vcMMAE strikingly results in sustained complete tumor remission.

Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether is a ether-alcohol derivative. The ether being relatively unreactive. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DEGME) is sold by Dow under the tradename Methyl CARBITOL™ solvent. DEGME is an ethylene-series or E-series glycol ether. It is primarily used as a de-icing additive for aviation fuel.

Calcium Fumarate is a calcium salt of fumaric acid, it can be used as a food supplement. Calcium Fumarate may be used to treat conditions caused by low Calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany). It may also be used in certain patients to make sure they are getting enough Calcium (e.g., women who are pregnant, nursing, or postmenopausal, people taking certain medications such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, or prednisone). Calcium Fumarate is classified by the FDA as a dietary and nutritional additive (21CFR§172.350) and has been used for many years.

CMX157 is a lipid (1-0-hexadecyloxypropyl) conjugate of the acyclic nucleotide analog tenofovir (TFV) with activity against both wild-type and antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV strains, including multidrug nucleoside/nucleotide analog-resistant viruses. CMX157 was designed to mimic lysophosphatidylcholine to take advantage of natural lipid uptake pathways and to achieve high intracellular concentrations of the active antiviral, with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of TFV against wild-type and mutant HIV. CMX157 demonstrated potential to effectively suppress replication of multiNRTI-resistant (MNR) HIV that cannot be treated with any currently available NRTIs, including TDF. It is in phase II clinical trial for HIV infections in USA and phase Ib portion of the phase I/II trial for Hepatitis B in Thailand (PO).

Dimethyl maleate is an organic compound, the (Z)-isomer of the dimethyl ester of fumaric acid. Dimethyl maleate can be synthesized from maleic anhydride and methanol, with sulfuric acid acting as acid catalyst, via a nucleophilic acyl substitution for the monomethyl ester, followed by a Fischer esterification reaction for the dimethyl ester. Dimethyl maleate is used in many organic syntheses as a dienophile for diene synthesis. It is used as an additive and intermediate for plastics, pigments, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products. It is also an intermediate for the production of paints, adhesives, and copolymers.

Dimethyl maleate is an organic compound, the (Z)-isomer of the dimethyl ester of fumaric acid. Dimethyl maleate can be synthesized from maleic anhydride and methanol, with sulfuric acid acting as acid catalyst, via a nucleophilic acyl substitution for the monomethyl ester, followed by a Fischer esterification reaction for the dimethyl ester. Dimethyl maleate is used in many organic syntheses as a dienophile for diene synthesis. It is used as an additive and intermediate for plastics, pigments, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products. It is also an intermediate for the production of paints, adhesives, and copolymers.

Dimethyl maleate is an organic compound, the (Z)-isomer of the dimethyl ester of fumaric acid. Dimethyl maleate can be synthesized from maleic anhydride and methanol, with sulfuric acid acting as acid catalyst, via a nucleophilic acyl substitution for the monomethyl ester, followed by a Fischer esterification reaction for the dimethyl ester. Dimethyl maleate is used in many organic syntheses as a dienophile for diene synthesis. It is used as an additive and intermediate for plastics, pigments, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products. It is also an intermediate for the production of paints, adhesives, and copolymers.

Dimethyl maleate is an organic compound, the (Z)-isomer of the dimethyl ester of fumaric acid. Dimethyl maleate can be synthesized from maleic anhydride and methanol, with sulfuric acid acting as acid catalyst, via a nucleophilic acyl substitution for the monomethyl ester, followed by a Fischer esterification reaction for the dimethyl ester. Dimethyl maleate is used in many organic syntheses as a dienophile for diene synthesis. It is used as an additive and intermediate for plastics, pigments, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products. It is also an intermediate for the production of paints, adhesives, and copolymers.