Silicristin is a flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase. It has a role as a radical scavenger, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a prostaglandin antagonist and a metabolite. It is a flavonolignan, a member of 1-benzofurans, a polyphenol, an aromatic ether and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. Silicristin is a potent inhibitor of the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8. Silicristin is a sodium pump inhibitor, it inhibited Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) with IC50 of 110 uM. Silicristin exhibits relatively good antioxidant effectiveness against phenylglyoxylic ketyl radicals and DPPH. Silicristin protects cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress is due mainly to their cell membrane stabilization effect, radical scavenging and iron chelating potency.

Volixibat (SHP626; formerly LUM002) is a potent inhibitor of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) that was developed for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Volixibat participated in phase II clinical trial to investigate its safety, effectiveness in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, this study was discontinued, without any further explanation for the possible causes. In addition, volixibat was studied in a clinical trial in healthy adults and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, where was shown that the drug was generally well tolerated.

Silydianin is a flavonolignan from Silymarin, which is the major constituent of milk thistle extract. Silydianin, an active constituent of Silybium marianum, have inhibitory properties against the P2Y12 receptor and block ADP-induced blood platelet activation. Silydianin has antiinflammatory activity, it regulates caspase-3 activation, affects cell membranes and acts as a free radical scavenger. Silydianin non-competitively inhibits the lipoxygenase from soybeans in vitro. It also inhibits the formation of prostaglandins in vitro.

Limazocic is a cyclic disulfide compound newly synthesized as a hepatoprotective agent. It has a protective effect against both chronic liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCL) and swine serum and several chemically induced acute liver injuries. The inhibitory effects of limazocic on immunologically induced liver injuries in mice have also been demonstrated and furthermore, limazocic has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects such as induction of cytotoxic cell activities and modulation of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma production. Limazocic had a markedly inhibitory effect on ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats. Limazocic suppresses VEGF production and reduces vascular leakage and the growth of mouse experimental choroidal neovascularization.

Mivotilate is an orally active hepatoprotective agent for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and hepatitis-B infection. Mivotilate was shown to exert multiple effects on the hepatic cytochrome P450 system, particularly to inhibit CYP2E1 expression and to up-regulate the CYP1A1 expression. The low oral bioavailability of Mivotilate in rats could be primarily attributed to poor absorption and considerable hepatic and gastrointestinal first-pass effects. The thermal reversible microemulsion system of YH439 greatly enhances the bioavailability of YH439 after oral administration. Mivotilate prevents mutagenesis caused by agents such as benzopyrene and reduces skin tumours induced by these agents.

DL-Methionine is a racemic form of the respective sulfur aminoacid. DL-Methionine participates in synthesis of tissue proteins, vitamins, enzymes and hormones taking part in nitrogen, carbohydrate and fat metabolisms, and it is the important source of methyl groups for synthesis of all nucleic acids, as well as the sulfur source for sulfonic compounds. Methionine is used to prevent liver damage in acetaminophen (Tylenol) poisoning. It is also used for increasing the acidity of urine, treating liver disorders, and improving wound healing. Other uses include treating depression, alcoholism, allergies, asthma, copper poisoning, radiation side effects, schizophrenia, drug withdrawal, and Parkinson's disease. It is also used as a food additive in livestock to boost performance. DL-Methionin is the first limiting amino acid in poultry, and probably also in high-yielding cows, and is the second or third limiting amino acid in pigs fed conventional diets.

Orazamide, which is composed of one molecule of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICA), one molecule of orotic acid and two molecules of water, is used clinically for the treatment of hepatitis and cirrhosis The nucleoside of AICA (AICAR) is internalized and becomes phosphorylated by adenosine kinase to form AICAR mono-phosphate (AICA ribotide, ZMP), an intermediate in the late steps of de novo purine biosynthesis. In hepatocytes, AICA can inhibit the fatty acid synthesis, sterol synthesis, and gluconeogenesis.

Citiolone (N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone) is an antioxidant drug used in the treatment of liver diseases.