Clioquinol is a broad-spectrum antibacterial with antifungal properties, bacteriostatic. It is used as an antifungal and antiprotozoal topical drug OTC product for treatment of human infections. Previousely was used for wide number of intestinal disorders including lambliasis, shigellosis, balantidiral dysentery and some forms of diarrheas. The physiologic effect of clioquinol is by increased histamine release and cell-mediated immunity. It is a member of a family hydroxyquinolines which inhibit certain enzymes related to DNA replication. It is a copper, iron and zink chelating agent. It is an organic molecule with a quinolinic acid as its apparent core which itself is a neurotransmitter. In large doses it possesses neurotoxicity and may induce neurological disease such as subacute myelo-optic neuropathy by creating copper deficiency that leads to zink excess. SMON (Sub-Acute-Myelo-Optical-Neuropathy) - a polio-like disease began as an epidemic in 1959 in Japan was believed to be a Clioquinol caused. Clioquinol is a standardized chemical allergen. It has been resurrected as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease since it perturbs metallo-chemistry of amyloid and clioquinol treatment has been shown to be beneficial in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Dibucaine is used as a local anesthetic for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. Dibucaine is used to temporarily relieve pain and itching due to: hemorrhoids or other anorectal disorders, sunburn, minor burns, minor cuts; scrapes, insect bites, minor skin irritation. This drug acts via blocking of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane's permeability to sodium ions through sodium channel blocking. This reversibly stabilizes the membrane and inhibits depolarization, resulting in the failure of a propagated action potential and subsequent conduction blockade.

Benzocaine is a local anesthetic. It acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium ion channels in nerve endings. Benzocaine is available over-the counter for local anesthesia of oral and pharyngeal mucous membranes (sore throat, cold sores, mouth ulcers, toothache, sore gums, denture irritation), otic pain, and as a local anesthetic for surgical or diagnostic procedures. As a spray, benzocaine is used for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with minor burns, sunburn, minor cuts or scrapes, insect bites, or minor skin irritations. Topical application of benzocaine to gums or mouth may cause rare, but serious and potentially fatal adverse effect methemoglobinemia.

Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (Zn DBDTC) is a vulcanization accelerator for natural rubber and latex and a stabilizer for rubber-based adhesive systems, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers and polypropylene. It is used in a number of rubber and rubber-based materials for food packaging and food handling, e.g. conveyor belts. Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (Zn DBDTC) is contact allergens that cross-react in some individuals. Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, like many low-molecular-weight contact allergens, can only trigger an immune response when bound to a protein in the form of an immunogenic protein–hapten complex. Haptenation of epidermally relevant skin proteins by Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate has not been reported despite the numerous studies on the disposition and systemic toxicity of Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate. The chelating properties of the dithiocarbamate ligand have been proposed to be responsible for the modification of some metalloproteins and metalloenzymes

Geraniol is a dietary monoterpene alcohol that is found in the essential oils of aromatic plants. To date, experimental evidence supports the therapeutic or preventive effects of geraniol on different types of cancer, such as breast, lung, colon, prostate, pancreatic, and hepatic cancer, and has revealed the mechanistic basis for its pharmacological actions. In addition, geraniol sensitizes tumor cells to commonly used chemotherapy agents. Geraniol controls a variety of signaling molecules and pathways that represent tumor hallmarks; these actions of geraniol constrain the ability of tumor cells to acquire adaptive resistance against anticancer drugs. It has been shown that geraniol inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in most types of tumor cells, which raises the possibility that the reduced prenylation of small G-proteins, such as Ras or RhoA, accounts for the antitumor effects of geraniol. In addition to its use in various commercial products, including cosmetics and fine fragrances, geraniol exerts a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and neuroprotective activities. Geraniol is classified into the generally recognized-as-safe (GRAS) category by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States.

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma); in addition, this compound can antagonize the ability of agonist ligands such as rosiglitazone to activate the transcriptional and adipogenic action of this receptor. The elevation of BADGE concentration in epoxy resins-coated aluminium tubes poses a risk of developing contact dermatitis to patients sensitized to epoxy resins.

Cinnamyl alcohol (CAL, 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol) is found mostly in esterized form as a natural component in cinnamon oil obtained from the bark of the Cylonese cinnamon tree. Furthermore, (esterized) CAL is a component of the balsam of Peru from Myroxylon pereirae, of Styrax (balsam) from the wood of Liquidambar orientalis Miller or Liquidambar styraciflua L. and further plant extracts. The regulatory status of CAL includes approval (21 CFR 172.515) by the FDA and Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as flavor ingredient [Number 2294] by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers
Association. CAL included in the Council of Europe
s list of substances which may be used in foodstuffs. CAL have been reported as common component of food occurring mainly in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and spices in varying concentrations. The plant phenolic CAL is used as a fragrance ingredient and has antipyretic and antiproliferative effects. A recent report also demonstrated its vasodilatory activity.

N-isopropyl-N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine (IPPD), an amine antiozonant, is used in rubber manufacture and is a human allergen.

Dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide is an accelerator and vulcanizing agent used in the rubber industry. It can be found in latex gloves and other rubber products found in homes and offices. Dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide is a standardized chemical allergen. The physiologic effect of dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated Immunity. The chemical classification of dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide is allergens. It is used for diagnosis of contact allergy. It is a component of Thiuram Mix, used in the epicutaneous patch test, called T.R.U.E. TEST, approved by FDA in 1994. T.R.U.E. TEST is indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis in persons 18 years of age and older whose history suggests sensitivity to one or more of the 35 substances included on the T.R.U.E. TEST panels.

N-Cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine is a component of black rubber. It is also a dermatological sensitizer and allergen. N-Cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine is approved for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older.