5-Fluoroorotic acid is a fluorinated derivative of the pyrimidine precursor orotic acid. 5-Fluoroorotic acid exert considerable antitumor activity against transplanted tumors in rats and mice. 5-Fluoroorotate shows increased cytotoxicity on ovarian carcinoma cell lines following encapsulation in liposomes. 5-Fluoroorotic acid is used in vitro in the positive selection of genetically transformed yeast cells.

Aloesin is a chromone derivative isolated from aloe vera. It has many biological effects, such as wound and burn healing properties, and antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Aloesin has been shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor of tyrosinase. It exhibited direct inhibitory effects on melanogenesis. Aloesin treatment showed pigmentation suppression in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, aloesin may be used as an agent that inhibits melanin formation induced by UV radiation. Aloesin is thought to be one of the active ingredients in regards to the anti-diabetic activity of Aloe. Aloesin exerts its anticancer effect through the MAPK signaling pathway. It is a novel therapeutic drug for ovarian cancer treatment.