Pimpinellin is a furocoumarin and mevalonic acid derivative, that was isolated from Heracleum laciniatum and Toddalia asiatica. Pimpinellin, isopimpinellin and phellopterin are three major coumarins present in Toddalia asiatica extract which demonstrated activities like anticancer, vasodilative and antioxidant etc Pimpinellin is well known photoreactive compound and it is used in Brazil in some pharmaceutical and cosmetic products because of their UV-light absorbing properties

Stevia is the common word to refer to the plant stevia rebaudiana which is the sweetest of the stevia species of plants and historically used as a sweetening agent. Several studies have suggested that in addition to their sweetness, steviosides and their related compounds, including rebaudioside A and isosteviol, may offer additional therapeutic benefits. These benefits include anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diarrheal, diuretic, and immunomodulatory actions. Isosteviol inhibits DNA polymerases and human DNA topoisomerase II. It also retards growth of three different types of human cancer cells and inhibits inflammation induced by TPA. Isosteviol had been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) is a bacterial cell wall component. Peptidoglycan, also called murein, is a polymer that consists of long glycan chains that are cross-linked via flexible peptide bridges to form a strong but elastic structure that protects the underlying protoplast from lysing due to the high internal osmotic pressure. The peptidoglycan is the only cell wall polymer common to both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The glycan chain is built up of alternating, β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) subunits. The chemistry of the glycan chains varies only slightly between different bacteria.