Phenyl sodium is organometallic compound. It is used to carry exchange reactions to produce phenylmalonic acid.

Acetamide is found in red beetroot. Acetamide (or acetic acid amide or ethanamide), CH3CONH2, the amide of acetic acid, is a white crystalline solid in pure form. It is produced by dehydrating ammonium acetate. In the past, acetamide was used as a plasticiser and as a stabiliser. Molten acetamide was frequently used as a solvent in chemical synthesis. It also acts as a solubiliser; its mere addition renders many sparingly soluble compounds more soluble in water. Acetamide has been classified by theInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 2B possible human carcinogen, as feeding trials on rats have shown an increase in liver carcinoma.

Ethylene oxide (oxirane) is the simplest cyclic ether. It is a colorless gas or liquid and has a sweet, etheric odor. Ethylene oxide is an important raw material used in the manufacture of chemical derivatives. Ethylene oxide is very reactive because its highly strained ring can be opened easily, and is thus one of the most versatile chemical intermediates. The ability of ethylene oxide to damage DNA makes it an effective sterilizing agent but also accounts for its cancer-causing activity.

Ethylene is a gaseous organic compound. Ethylene is an important raw material for the chemical industry and feedstock for 30 percent of all petrochemicals. Ethylene is used for the production of many plastics, including polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PET, cellulose acetate and polyvinyl acetate polymer. Ethylene is used in the production of specialty glass for the automotive industry (car glass). Ethylene is used as oxy-fuel gas in metal cutting, welding and high velocity thermal spraying. Ethylene is used as refrigerant, especially in LNG liquefaction plants. Ethylene is used in the extraction of rubber. Ethylene was used as a general anesthetic in major as well as minor surgery: tonsillectomies, appendectomies, Caesarian sections, hysterectomies, gastro-enterostomies, cholecystectomies, and other operations where the age of the patient ranges from three days to eighty-four or five years. Ethylene is the first-identified plant hormone known to regulate numerous processes in plant growth, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Ethylene is best known for its effect on fruit ripening and organ abscission, and thus has great commercial importance in agriculture.

Methyl chloride, also called chloromethane, mainly is used as a refrigerant. It’s known, that methyl chloride permeates through human epidermis when exposed at high atmospheric concentrations within relatively short timeframes. Recently published article has shown that chlorinated methyl group could be formed in humans, that might be an important target compound in future medical diagnostic programs.

Propylene Oxide is a synthetic, highly-flammable, volatile, colorless liquid that is soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents. The major use of propylene oxide is in the production of polyethers (the primary component of polyurethane foams) and propylene glycol. Propylene oxide is also used in the fumigation of foodstuffs and plastic medical instruments and in the manufacture of dipropylene glycol and glycol ethers, as herbicides, as solvents, and in the preparation of lubricants, surfactants, and oil demulsifiers. Propylene Oxide is a chiral epoxide, although it is commonly used as a racemic mixture. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans and animals to propylene oxide has caused eye and respiratory tract irritation. Dermal contact, even with dilute solutions, has caused skin irritation and necrosis in humans. Propylene oxide is also a mild central nervous system (CNS) depressant in humans. Inflammatory lesions of the nasal cavity, trachea, and lungs and neurological effects have been observed in animals chronically (long-term) exposed to propylene oxide by inhalation.

Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) is a chemical in the carbamate family used chiefly as an insecticide. It is a white crystalline solid commonly sold under the brand name Sevin, a trademark of the Bayer Company.Union Carbide discovered carbaryl and introduced it commercially in 1958. Bayer purchased Aventis CropScience in 2002, a company that included Union Carbide pesticide operations. It remains the third-most-used insecticide in the United States for home gardens, commercial agriculture, and forestry and rangeland protection. As a veterinary drug, it is known as carbaril. Carbaryl is an anticholinesterase inhibitor. It is indicated for the treatment of head and pubic lice. It is available as a lotion (Carylderm) and a shampoo (Carylderm; New Suleo; Derbac). Carbaryl was developed because lice began to show resistance to organochlorine insecticides such as DDT and gamma benzene hexachloride (Quellada; Lorexane). It was introduced in the late 1960s particularly for the control of head lice; it is less effective against mites, and not recommended for scabies.

Dichlorvos is a synthetic organic chemical used as an insecticide. Dichlorvos does not occur naturally in the environment, but is manufactured by industry. Dichlorvos is sold under many trade names including Vapona®, Atgard®, Nuvan®, and Task®. It is also used as an insecticide for slow release on pest-strips for pest control in homes.  Dichlorvos is used as an anthelmintic (worming agent) for dogs, swine, and horses, as a botacide (agent that kills fly larvae) for horses, and in flea collars for dogs. In 1995, EPA proposed cancellation of dichlorvos for all home uses, and for many commercial and industrial uses.

Aniline is a toxic organic compound consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group. It is the prototypical aromatic amine. Aniline and its derivatives are very important for the synthesis of chemical products such as dyes, resins, and medicines. The main use of aniline is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane. Aniline is a carcinogen that is considered to induce tumors secondary to hemosiderosis as a consequence of methemoglobinemia. Aniline is classified as Group 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans (IARC, 480 1987b). Aniline occurs naturally in some foods (i.e., corn, grains, beans, and tea), but the larger source of exposure is in industrial settings. Lifetime permissible daily exposure (PDE) for aniline is 720 ug/day. Simple anilines such as aniline and monosubstituted anilines are known to disappear from the environment mainly via biodegradation.