Eprozinol inhibits bronchoconstriction by an action on histamine H1 receptors and has been used in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. No significant changes in cAMP and cGMP levels are observed in guinea pig trachea, with eprozinol or isoprenaline, at doses capable of inducing relaxation. Eprozinol is only a very weak phosphodiesterase inhibitor, at large concentrations. The anti-bronchoconstrictor activities of eprozinol and isoprenaline with regard to histamine are directly additive and show absolutely no interference with one another. Propranolol is without effect on in vivo anti-bronchoconstrictor activity of eprozinol on tracheal musculature. It is concluded, that the mechanisms brought into play by eprozinol to exert anti-bronchoconstrictor and bronchorelaxant activity, are completely independent of the adrenergic system. In a retrospective study of 199 cases of accidental or intentional acute poisoning with eprozinol, eprazinone and zipeprol, collected at the Poison Control Center were seven cases of seizures, all after ingestion of eight times the therapeutic dose. They resolved rapidly and without recurrence with symptomatic treatment.

Morniflumate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and represent as a beta-morpholinoethyl ester of niflumic acid, which is rapidly hydrolyzed in the plasma, releasing the free acidic form, the molecule responsible for the pharmacological effects. It was shown, that morniflumate was effective in the treatment of chronic recurring bronchitis and inhibited cyclooxygenase-1, 2 (COX-1, 2). Morniflumate has a 30-year history of clinical use, particularly for the treatment of pain associated with pediatric ear-nose-throat (ENT) infection. In addition, it appears to be a valid and well-tolerated alternative to other NSAIDs, or to antibiotics, for the treatment of pain and other symptoms of soft tissue inflammation.

Artemotil (also known as beta-arteether) is an antimalarial artemisinin derivative, approved for the treatment of severe cases of P. falciparum malaria. The mixture of artemotil and alpha-arteether is used in patients with cerebral malaria. Most of the artemisinin compounds including artemotil are metabolized into dihydroartemisinin, which is responsible for antimalarial activity. These compounds contain stable endoperoxide bridge. The antimalarial activity of the drug thus is dependent on the cleavage of the endoperoxide by intraparasitic heme. The cleaved endoperoxide ultimately becomes a carbon centered free radical, which then functions as an alkylating agent, reacting with both heme and parasitic proteins (but not DNA). In P. falciparum, one of the principal alkylation target is the translationally controlled tumor protein (DHA-TCTP) homolog. Some intraparasitic TCTP is situated in the membrane surrounding the heme-rich food vacuole, where heme could catalyse the formation of drug-protein (DHA-TCTP) adduct and inhibit the parasite's growth.

Arteflene is the sesquiterpene peroxide. It is a synthetic derivative of yingzhaosuwas. Arteflene found negative in a battery of mutagenicity tests. It had low acute toxicity after oral or subcutaneous administration in pre-clinical studies. Experimentally arteflene proved to be a highly effective antimalarial drug. An open, non-comparative clinical trial was carried out in Nigeria and Burkina Faso to investigate the safety and efficacy of the arteflene in patients with mild malaria. The lower than expected effect was thought to be due to inadequate storage of the arteflene suspension. There were no withdrawals due to adverse events and no deaths. Arteflene had no major effect on TNF, IL-alpha or IL-6 cytokine release from mononuclear cells stimulated with malaria antigens or lipopolysaccharide and it did not affect cell viability. Arteflene only slightly suppressed cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to melanoma cells. The therapeutic effect of Arteflene appears to be confined to its parasite killing activity. Single dose monotherapy with arteflene was not effective in curing children suffering from uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Gabon. Arteflene is reported to be more cytotoxic to primary rat hepatocytes than some non-endoperoxide antimalarials.

Dalbavancin is a mixture of five closely related active homologs (A0, A1, B0, B1, and B2); the component B0 is the major component of dalbavancin. The predominant component of dalbavancin is Factor B0, which accounts for >75% of the whole complex. Dalbavancin is a second-generation lipoglycopeptide antibiotic that was designed to improve on the natural glycopeptides currently available, such as vancomycin and teicoplanin. Modifications from these older glycoprotein classes allowed a similar mechanism of action with increased activity and once weekly dosing. Its use is indicated for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by the following gram-positive microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains), S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, and S. anginosus group (including S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus). Under the brand name DALVANCE Dalbavancin is indicated for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by designated susceptible strains of Gram-positive microorganisms. The bactericidal action of dalbavancin results primarily from inhibition of cell-wall biosynthesis. Specifically, dalbavancin prevents incorporation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)- and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-peptide subunits from being incorporated into the peptidoglycan matrix; which forms the major structural component of Gram-positive cell walls. The large hydrophilic molecule is able to form hydrogen bond interactions with the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides, which is normally a five-point interaction. Binding of dalbavancin to the D-Ala-D-Ala prevents the incorporation of the NAM/NAG-peptide subunits into the peptidoglycan matrix. In addition, dalbavancin alters bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis.

Isepamicin is an aminoglycoside antibacterial with properties similar to those of amikacin, but with better activity against strains producing type I 6'-acetyltransferase. The antibacterial spectrum includes Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci. Anaerobes, Neisseriaceae and streptococci are resistant. The lower and upper break-points are 8 and 16 mg/L. Like other aminoglycosides, isepamicin exhibits a strong concentration-dependent bactericidal effect, a long post-antibiotic effect (several hours) and induces adaptive resistance. Isepamicin is administered intravenously or intramuscularly at a dosage of 15 mg/kg once daily or 7.5 mg/kg twice daily. Isepamicin is not bound to plasma proteins, and it distributes in extracellular fluids and into some cells (outer hair cells, kidney cortex) by active transport. Isepamicin has been developed and approved for clinical use in the 1990s.

Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate (Disodium beta-glycerophosphate) is used for the preparation of thermo-sensitive chitosan hydrogen as a scaffold to construct tissue engineered injectable nucleus pulposus (NP). Since Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate (6 g/day) reduced the lithogenic index of bile in human subjects with cholesterol gallstones in a short-term study and facilitated dissolution of cholesterol gallstones in mice, Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate may have potential to help dissolve cholesterol gallstones in man. Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate is an alkaline phosphate inhibitor. Sodium β-glycerophosphate pentahydrate is used as a phosphatase inhibitor. It promotes bone matrix mineralization while delivering to osteoblasts by providing a source of phosphate ions. It is used in the development of hydrogels and scaffolds, which finds applications in tissue engineering and cell growth. It is used as an additive in isolation mediums by providing phosphate ions to isolate. It is utilized to promote mineralization in vitro by modulating bone cell metabolic activity.

Azidamfenicol is a semi-synthetic chloramphenicol in which the nitro moiety is replaced with a methylsulphone and the dichloroacetamide is replaced with azidoacetamide. Azidamfenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic with good activity against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.

Alfaprostol is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2α. Its activity is similar to that of the endogenous PFG2α, causing luteolysis. Alfaprostol is recommended for use in the cow, sow and mare.

Meprylcaine (also known as Epirocaine and Oracaine) is a local anesthetic with stimulant properties that is structurally related to dimethocaine. Meprylcaine has a relatively potent inhibitory action on the monoamine transporter and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Oracaine is commonly used as the hydrochloride salt and is compatible with the known vasoconstrictors. It has a slightly more rapid onset than procaine with a slight increase in potency. The earliest symptoms of a toxic overdose are stimulation to the central nervous system, thus following the same symptoms as procaine. Not more than 400 mg. (20 ml. of a 2 per cent solution) should be used at any one time for the ambulatory patient. Oracaine, like metycaine, may be used for patients sensitive to the para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives. Oracaine hydrochloride is used at present mainly by the dental profession and in dermatologic surgery.