Propane, an alkane that at standard temperature and pressure is a gas. It has a role as a food propellant. Propane in combination with butane was used for recreational inhalation in adolescents. That use caused to death. The compounds found in tissues and biological fluids were perfectly compatible with those contained in the containers used for the inhalation. The mechanisms of death were assessed in a combination of the direct toxicity of the compound and oxygen replacement.

Benzyl chloride, or α-chlorotoluene, is a reactive organochlorine compound that is a widely used chemical building block. Industrially, benzyl chloride is the precursor to benzyl esters which are used as plasticizers, flavorants, and perfumes. Phenylacetic acid, a precursor to pharmaceuticals, is produced from benzyl cyanide, which is generated by treatment of benzyl chloride with sodium cyanide. Quaternary ammonium salts, used as surfactants, are readily formed by alkylation of tertiary amines with benzyl chloride. Benzyl chloride is an alkylating agent with very irritating properties to the skin. Indicative of its high reactivity (relative to alkyl chlorides), benzyl chloride reacts with water in a hydrolysis reaction to form benzyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid. In contact with mucous membranes, hydrolysis produces hydrochloric acid. Thus, benzyl chloride is a lachrymator and has been used in chemical warfare.

Sorbitan laurate (Span 20) is a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with edible lauric acid. It is an excipient. Sorbitan laurate is a non-ionic surfactant that is widely used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations, food and cosmetic industries. As a food additive, it is designated with the E number E493. Span 20 finds application in topical preparations. It is soluble in many fatty compositions and solvents and dispersible in water, dilute acids and alkalis. Recommended topical usage levels of 0.5-5%.

Sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) is a partial oleate ester of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides. Sorbitan Monooleate is a nonionic emulsifier and surfactant and used in cosmetics and foods. It is a food additive with the E number E495. Span 80 was suitable as surfactant in the preparation of Poly(divinylbenzene) emulsion-derived (PolyHIPE) solid foam. Anionic nanoparticles based on Span 80 as low-cost, simple and efficient non-viral gene-transfection systems. Sorbitan monooleate is approved by FDA to be used as an emulsifier in polymer dispersions that are used in the clarification of cane or beet sugar juice or liquor in an amount not to exceed 7.5 percent by weight in the final polymer dispersion. The additive is used in an amount not to exceed 0.70 part per million in sugar juice and 1.4 parts per million in sugar liquor.

Tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), also called tert-butanol, an important intermediate in industrial chemical synthesis, is poorly absorbed through skin, but is rapidly absorbed upon inhalation or ingestion and distributed to tissues throughout the body. There is no much information related to the toxicity and pharmacological properties of tert-butanol in humans and animals. However, the recently published article has shown that TBA-associated non-neoplastic and neoplastic histopathological changes in the rat's kidney could be explained by alpha2u-globulin nephropathy (α2u-gN) or enhanced chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN), neither of which are relevant to humans.

L-serineThe is a non-essential amino acid. L-serine and the products of its metabolism have been recognized not only to be essential for cell proliferation, but also to be necessary for specific functions in the central nervous system. The findings of altered levels of serine and glycine in patients with psychiatric disorders and the severe neurological abnormalities in patients with defects of L-serine synthesis underscore the importance of L-serine in brain development and function. L-serine supplementation is in trials for the treatment of several CNS diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

DIMETHYL ISOSORBIDE is an inactive component of VANOS® Cream indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in patients 12 years of age or older.

Diisopropanolamine is a chemical which has a lot of applications across chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. It is used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. Due to its basic properties, it is used to neutralize pH, act as a buffer or add alkalinity to a solution. Diisopropanolamine is added to over-the-counter healthcare products for topical administration, such as topical antiseptics, antifungals, steroids, products for the treatment acne, mouth ulcers and so on.

Proline (L-Proline) is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Proline is used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient and as an active substance in nutritional supplements. Proline is not commonly used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient. It is approved for use in Privigen (IVIg) and Hizentra (SCIg) solution for injection as a stabiliser for IgG. Proline is also contained in low amounts in several vaccines, e.g. Havrix 720 Kinder (Hepatitis A).